Historical And Cultural Studies Of Archery In Tang And Song Dynasties

As one of the oldest sports in China,archery has a long history.According to archaeological findings,as early as more than 20,000 years ago,there has been the existence of stone arrowheads,indicating that China has long been the use of archery activities.Archery,which originated from the needs of ancient humans to hunt and defend their own safety,later became one of the important weapons in the era of cold weapons that lasted for thousands of years.The history of archery in the Tang and Song Dynasties is full of the characteristics of multi-ethnic cultural conflicts and integration.It embodies the essence of long-term and multi-ethnic culture.It is a shining pearl in the ancient Chinese national cultural heritage and radiates bright light.Therefore,this study takes the content of the archery culture in the Tang and Song Dynasties as the research object,mainly using the literature data method,historical analysis method,comparative analysis method and other research methods,from the bow and crossbow shape and archery technology,social talent selection system,etiquette education,military system construction,leisure and entertainment and foreign exchanges.The history and culture of archery in the Tang and Song Dynasties were sorted out.The study found that the archery culture in the Tang and Song Dynasties had diversified development characteristics and formed a multicultural system with ’shooting ’ as the core.The main conclusions are :(1)At the level of archery objects,all kinds of bows and crossbows were heavily equipped in the army during the Tang and Song Dynasties.After continuous improvement and improvement,they have reached a very high level and have high military value.In the technical level of archery,there are Chinese and Hu methods and the main performance is the different ways of bowing and stringing.The Han method uses the thumb bow,and the Hu method is mostly three-finger or two-finger bow.There are also two different ways of archery,’ bow left arrow ’ and ’ bow right arrow ’.In the Tang and Song Dynasties,’ bow right arrow ’ was the most common,but ’ bow left arrow ’ was not only found in the West,but also in China.(2)Archery in Tang and Song Dynasties is an important part of education and social talent selection system.Archery is an important assessment item in the martial arts examination system in the Tang and Song Dynasties,and it is also the most important subject in the martial arts of the Song Dynasty.Step shooting and riding shooting are its main teaching and assessment contents.Archery has received the attention of the rulers both in the enlightened Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty when the " Shangwen " atmosphere was more serious.(3)The ’ Big Archery Ritual ’ and ’ Big Archery Instrument ’ in the Tang and Song Dynasties were both archery activities with ritual enlightenment significance.At the same time,it is also a means for the rulers to educate their subjects and further consolidate the regime.China has always been a country that attaches importance to etiquette norms.The modesty and courtesy shown in the big archery ceremony and the big archery ceremony in the Tang and Song Dynasties reflect the spirit of Chinese culture.This kind of etiquette education,which combines etiquette with archery,morality with archery and education with archery,is worth learning.(4)Archery is the core means of military training and war in the Tang and Song Dynasties,and plays an irreplaceable role.It can not only be used as an important military weapon in war,but also play a role in transmitting information.The status of bow and arrow as a key weapon in the military is also destined to the attention and reuse of military personnel with higher archery skills by rulers and senior generals.(5)Archery is also a leisure and entertainment activity in the Tang and Song Dynasties and has a variety of forms,which is deeply loved by the emperors,princes,ministers and palace maids.During this period,women ’s archery prevailed in the Tang Dynasty.Ouyang Xiu ’s improvement of the nine-grid archery led to the development of archery games,the establishment of the Archery Society and Su Shi’s support,which promoted the widespread development of archery in the folk.(6)During the Tang and Song Dynasties,foreign archery cultural exchanges were frequent,especially with Japan.Japan has sent students and envoys to study in Tang Dynasty for many times,and introduced archery activities in Tang Dynasty.Although the exchange of archery between China and Japan in the Song Dynasty was not as frequent as that in the Tang Dynasty,it also existed.In general,the archery culture in the Tang and Song Dynasties experienced a multi-ethnic collision and historical evolution.Under the comprehensive influence of politics,economy and social culture,it has diversified development characteristics and gradually formed a multi-cultural system centered on ’ archery ’.