The Role Of Retrieval Faded Examples In Promoting Problem Solving

Retrieval practice is a widely used and very effective learning strategy.However,researchers suggest that there is a boundary in the learning materials,that is,the retrieval practice strategy is suitable for text materials and not for problem solving materials.At present,only a few studies have discussed the influence of retrieval practice strategies on the performance of problem solving.But the research results are inconsistent.The key to two diametrically opposite experimental results may lie in the cognitive load brought by materials.It is found that appropriate support can reduce the cognitive load during learning.The process of acquiring knowledge is gradual,and faded examples can be used as scaffolding to support students’ transition from schema acquisition to schema application.Therefore,this study mainly discusses whether the strategy of retrieval faded examples can promote the learning of problem solving and whether this effect is affected by key steps.On this basis,this study designed two experiments:Experiment 1 Select 96 college students and adopts a mixed experimental design of3(learning strategy: retrieval faded examples,worked examples retrieval practice and worked examples repeated learning)×2(test type: near transfer and far transfer).The learning strategy is between-subject design,and the test type is within-subject design.This paper discusses whether retrieval fade worked examples can promote the learning of problem solving.Some of the missing steps are random.The results show that the main effect of learning strategies is not significant in total scores,near transfer scores and far transfer scores.The results show that compared with the worked examples repeated learning group and the traditional retrieval practice,retrieval faded examples does not promote the learning of problem solving.In terms of cognitive load,the main effect of learning strategies is significant,and the cognitive load of the retrieval faded examples group is the highest.In the stage of retrieval faded examples in Experiment 1,the step of omitting the format of faded examples may be a key step or a non-key step.The learning of key steps affects the learning effect of problem solving.Experiment 1 did not found in the benefit of retrieval faded examples,which may be that different steps of retrieval confuse this effect.Therefore,on the basis of Experiment 1,Experiment 2 discussed the influence of retrieval key steps on problem solving performance.In experiment 2a select 120 college students and single factor(worked examples way: missing step one,missing step two,missing step three,and missing step four)was used to explore the key steps of Poisson distribution.The results show that the number of people who write incorrect in the group with missing steps four is significantly higher than that of people who write correctly,that is,for Poisson distribution,step four is the key step.Experiment 2b select 87 college students and adopts a mixed experimental design of 3(learning strategy: worked examples retrieval key steps,worked examples retrieval practice,worked examples repeated learning)×2(test type: near transfer and far transfer).The learning strategy is between-subject design,and the test type is within-subject design.And the influence of retrieval key steps on problem solving is discussed.The results show that the main effect of learning strategies is significant in terms of total test scores near transfer test scores and far transfer test scores,and the test scores of the worked examples retrieval key step group are the best,but there is no significant difference between the results of the worked examples retrieval practice group and worked examples repeated learning group.In terms of cognitive load,the main effect of learning strategies is significant,and the cognitive load of the worked examples retrieval practice group is the highest,and there is no significant difference between the worked examples retrieval key steps and the worked examples repeated learning group.The results of this study show that retrieval faded examples can promote the learning of problem solving.But the key steps affect this effect.Only retrieval faded examples of key steps can effectively promote the effect of retrieval practice effect.