The Effect Of True And False Information On Metamemory Judgement And Memory Performance

Metamemory,as an important form of metacognition,is an important topic that has emerged in recent decades and has accumulated a great deal of literature.Throughout the current research,As a major form of metamemory monitoring,the JOL is an important index for evaluating the level of metamemory judgment.Previous studies usually examine the ability of subjects to evaluate their own memory level by comparing their learning judgment level with their actual recall performance.Since individuals began to receive information through the media,especially since the Internet began to be popularized,they can not only receive real information,but also receive many false information in life,everyone can even generate false information at a very low or even zero cost.Previous studies have confirmed the differences between real information and false generated information in the level of JOLs and actual recall performance,but failed to examine the impact of false read-only information on JOLs and actual recall performance and the differences in age between real information,false read-only information and false generated information.In view of this,on the basis of previous studies,this study will first take the JOLs and recall performance as dependent variables to investigate the influence of information authenticity on metamemory judgment and memory effect of young college students,then it explored the influence of information authenticity on the metamemory judgment and memory effect of old people who were easily disturbed by false information,and finally integrate and explore the age difference of this effect.Two experiments comprised this study,study 1 used a single-factor between-subjects design,and the information authenticity as the independent variable,including real information,false information(read only)and false information(generated),the JOLs and recall performance were taken as dependent variables to explore the influence of the three kinds of information on metamemory judgment and memory effect,and whether there is a memory bias in JOLs of the three kinds of information.The results turn out the existence of bias in JOLs,all the three groups showed underestimation but there was no significant difference in bias.Study 2adopted the same experimental design as experiment 1 to explore the influence of the three kinds of information on the metamemory judgment and memory effect of elderly subjects,and whether there is a memory bias in JOLs of the three kinds of information in the old people.The results showed that the old people also had biased JOLs for both real information and false information.The subjects still underestimated in the three groups,and the bias of the false information(generation)group was significantly greater than the other two groups.Considering the gap between the young and the old in memory and cognitive ability,Study 1 and Study 2used experimental materials with different difficulties.Combining the results of the consistent questions in Study 1 and Study 2,it is found that there is an age difference in biased JOLs of the young and the old on the real information and false information.Conclusion were as follows:(1)Young people will underestimate their actual memory of real information and false information;(2)Old people also underestimate their memory of real information and false information,and the underestimation of false generated information is more obvious;(3)There are age differences between young and old people in remembering true and false information.Old people are more accurate than young people in predicting the memory of false read-only information,while young people are more accurate than old people in predicting the memory of false generated information,and there is no difference between young people and old people in predicting the memory of real information.