A Study On The Cases Of Money And Grain In Sichuan During The Jiajing Period Of The Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty was an important period in the transformation of China’s financial history.At the beginning of the foundation of the country,Zhu Yuanzhang ordered to measure land,count population,and make up Yellow Register and Fish Scale Atlas to bring the national territory into view,which provided the basis for the development of money and grain collection and transportation in the Ming Dynasty.With the development of time,the collection of money and grain has brought many problems.The reforms in the middle and late period also tried to solve these problems and improve the tax system.The collection of money and grain was a tedious process,involving many links,such as registration of books,collection and distribution of money and grain,transportation of money and grain,and final storage.In order to ensure the smooth operation of this process,the Ming Dynasty issued decrees many times and formulated detailed regulations for each process.Each local government also implemented its own policies according to local characteristics under the guidance of the central government policies.To improve the money and grain transport process.Sichuan region has a unique geographical location,too far away from the capital,there are many ethnic minorities in the territory,There are many military crises,and the money and grain play an important role.The transportation of money and grain in Sichuan is different from that in other places.The money and grain are mainly transported to border warehouses to meet the needs of soldiers and soldiers to cope with the war.Sichuan also carried out reforms in the middle and later stages,clarifying the various processes of the collection of money and grain,and greatly simplifying this process.However,in spite of the regulations in all aspects,there are still officials and civilians who carry out illegal acts in the process and disrupt tax policies.Some officials,ancient officer in countryside villages,and scribes and others extorted the small people out of interest,and some were afraid of the distant journey,delayed the journey and even fled the expedition due to dissatisfaction with the policy,etc.They repeatedly violated the regulations in the transportation of money and grain,resulting in frequent crimes.Even with severe punishment,they could not stop the criminal behavior,which is related to the value of money and grain itself and the unreasonable policy.In general,this paper is divided into four chapters:The first chapter is mainly about the Ming Dynasty money and grain collection and transportation system,including the establishment of the early Ming Dynasty money and grain tax types,the composition of tax collectors;The levy reform in Jiajing period;In the Jiajing period,the legal provisions on the collection and transportation of money and grain were clarified,which laid the foundation for the later writing.The second chapter,from the perspective of Sichuan region,explores the geographical,environmental and humanistic characteristics of Sichuan,understands the uniqueness of Sichuan region,and the difference between Sichuan region and other regions in the collection and transportation of money and grain,and explains the local provisions of Sichuan grain collection.The third chapter starts from the case,according to the three processes of money and grain collection,transportation and storage,carries on the classification analysis of the case,defines the characteristics of each illegal behavior and the specific behavior of the offender,and summarizes the common illegal behavior committed by officials and people in Sichuan region in this process.Chapter four explores the judicial practice of money and grain cases in the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty,including the trial of the prefecture or county government and the participation of the chief secretary.In addition,it makes clear that the basis of the local trial of cases in Sichuan is mainly based on statutes,and compares the differences between the local and the central regulations in Sichuan,and what are the characteristics in their judicial practice.