Study On The Correlation Between Sarcopenia And Osteoporosis In The Elderl

Objective: Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by low bone mass,destruction of bone microstructure,and decreased bone strength,leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures.With the aging of the population,the incidence of osteoporosis is increasing day by day.The incidence of osteoporosis is as high as 32.0% in people 65 years and older.In addition,Chinese residents are less aware of osteoporosis,and the number of groups with low bone density is higher.Chinese residents have a limited understanding of osteoporosis and a general lack of cognition,resulting in a large number of people with low bone mass.In addition,Chinese residents generally lack the awareness of osteoporosis,and the population with low bone mass is large.Osteoporosis can lead to serious complications such as falls and fractures,and is ultimately associated with impaired movement,weakness and increased rates of hospitalization,resulting in poor health outcomes.At the same time,the speed of muscle loss in the older adults increases with age,and the physical strength decreases significantly.Recent studies have found that the two can coexist,and it is necessary to study the correlation between the two to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of osteoporosis in the older adults.A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the association of sarcopenia and diagnostic indicators(muscle mass,grip strength,walking speed)with osteoporosis in older adults.We followed up one year after the cohort study and then compared baseline data with follow-up results to further analyze the association of sarcopenia and its components with osteoporosis.Methods: The subjects were older adults over 65 years old in the community.Our research contents were divided into questionnaire survey,physical examination,grip strength,muscle mass and walking speed evaluation,as well as bone mineral density examination.We will use a face-to-face questionnaire survey to collect information on the socio-demographic data,behavioral characteristics,and past medical history of the subjects.Social demographic data include: age,gender,marital status,education level,occupation.Their behavioral characteristics mainly include smoking history,drinking history,fall history,nutritional status,daily activity level,depression and sleep status.Sarcopenia was defined according to AWGS standard in 2019,in which people with low muscle mass,low muscle strength and / or low gait speed were identified as Sarcopenia.Low muscle mass is classified as the relative skeletal muscle mass index(ASM/ht2)of males and females less than 7.0 kg/m2 and 5.7 kg/m2,respectively.Low muscle strength is defined as the grip strength of male and female < 28 kg or < 18 kg respectively;Low gait speed is defined as gait speed < 1.0 m/s for all.The dualenergy X-ray image of forearm bone of each participant whose T score is less than-2.5 is defined as osteoporosis.Statistical methods Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between osteoporosis and sarcopenia and their components.We will continue to explore the relationship between sarcopenia and its components at different ages.Our research is divided into two parts: a cross-sectional study and a longitudinal study.The two parts have the same research methods.One year later,the same examination was carried out in the follow-up,and the exclusion questionnaire was incomplete,excluding those who had osteoporosis at baseline(n=135),and those who had sarcopenia(n=28).The final follow-up population was 527.Logistic regression analysis was also used to analyze the relationship between the components of sarcopenia and new osteoporosis.Results: The results showed that the incidence rate of osteoporosis was 30.9%(41.3%for men and 58.7% for women)in cross-sectional study,and the results remained consistent after adjusting for all confounding factors in the cross-sectional study.Osteoporosis was associated with sarcopenia(OR=1.54 95% CI=1.01-2.35,P=0.042),grip strength(OR=0.51 95% CI=0.47-0.97,P=0.039),and walking speed(OR=0.2695% CI=0.14-0.50,P<0.001),but no correlation was found between osteoporosis and muscle mass.After age division,it was found that the older adults under 75 years old were the same as the overall results.Grip strength,walking speed and sarcopenia were all related to osteoporosis under 75 years old,but only walking speed was related to osteoporosis in the elderly over 75 years old.One year later,13.1% of the older adults were followed up with new osteoporosis.In the regression analysis of the components of new osteoporosis and sarcopenia,we found that new osteoporosis was correlated with sarcopenia,and also with grip strength and walking speed,but there was no correlation between osteoporosis and muscle mass.In the cohort study,we found that sarcopenia is a risk factor for osteoporosis,and people with sarcopenia at baseline are more likely to suffer from osteoporosis.While grip strength is negatively correlated with osteoporosis,walking speed is positively correlated with new osteoporosis.Conclusions: Osteoporosis is a risk factor for osteoporosis,and it is associated with osteoporosis.No correlation between muscle mass and osteoporosis was found in our cross-sectional and longitudinal studies,but we found that grip strength and walking speed were associated with osteoporosis.Even after dividing into different age groups,there is still a correlation between osteopenia and osteoporosis in the older adults under 75 years old,and only walking speed in the elderly above 75 years old has a correlation with osteoporosis.This reminds us to pay attention to the decline of muscle strength and walking speed of the older adults in the future,so as to prevent the decline of bone mass of the older adults.At the same time,the older adults should increase their bone reserve through exercise,and prevent the older adults from falling and fracture with the increase of age.