Research On The Planning And Educational Thought Of Zhu Zi’s "Primary School"

In ancient times,there were "primary schools" and "universities"."Primary schools"taught people basic rules of doing things,while "universities" taught people how to cultivate one’s own body and family,and how to govern the country and the world.However,since Qin burned the books,the book "Primary schools" has only been found in various biographies,so Zhu Xi wrote the book "Primary schools" to fill this gap and teach children with it.This article discusses the children’s educational thoughts contained in the book "Primary School",and presents Zhu Zi’s philosophical thoughts on learning and self-cultivation from a more specific perspective.The word "Xiao xue" originally had two meanings:"educational place" and "philology and its extended meaning".The two meanings appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty respectively.The second meaning appeared because Xu Shen replaced "Liu Shi" with " " The "Liu Yi" taught in Primary School narrow the scope of "poetry,characters,ritual,music,archery,and imperialism" to "character",but both emphasize that"primary school" work is the foundation of "university",especially in "character".Refers to the aspects of traditional Chinese literature.Therefore,in the 14th year of Chunxi,Zhu Xi completed the compilation of "Primary School",in order to nourish the children,so that they can "cultivate morality and practice,but restore the original",and cultivate one’s self-cultivation to hide the nature of destiny is the Philosophical basis of this book.The whole book is divided into six chapters,with "Set up education","Clarify Ethics " and "Nourish yourself’ as the core,and "Record Ancient","Excellent Words" and "Good Action" based on history and events.For further explanation,there are three handed down versions,and this article is based on eleven volumes.The book "Primary schools" begins with "Li Jiaon",which inherits the ancient tradition of"emphasis on education",establishing education to remove the root cause of disease,establish education to raise good,establish education to make aspirations,and teachers,parents and friends in the village are all educating The main body of education together constitutes a rich educational structure,and the purpose of "establishing education" is to "clarify ethics relations".The chapter "Clarify Ethics" occupies the largest length in the whole book,and discusses five groups of ethical relationships,namely "father and son relationship","the righteousness of the ruler and the minister","the difference between husband and wife","the order of elders and children" and "friendship" to discuss.In terms of comprehensive discussion,firstly,the way of "Five Pairs of Ethical Relationships" is carried out by Li,"Five Pairs of Ethical Relationships" is made clear by "Li",and "Li" is based on "Five Pairs of Ethical Relationships";second,the core of "Five Pairs of Ethical Relationships" is persuasion,a son needs to advise his father,ministers need to persuade the ruler,and friends blame goodness;thirdly,among the "Five Pairs of Ethical Relationships",it is good to push.The"father and son" relationship after that marked the creation of civilization.If the "father and son" relationship was extended,there were three relationships of "monarch and minister","brothers(elder and younger)" and "friends".In the chapter "Nourish yourself",it includes two aspects:"cultivating the mind with respect" and "supporting the body with respect"."Can be "respected" by people.Zhu Xi’s "Primary School" has five characteristics of teaching people:firstly,it is concerned with human relations and into family precepts;secondly,it is to teach people with things,and reason for things;Obstacles,interesting and diverse;Fifth,articles are harmful,and learning etiquette is the first.The characteristics of its educational thought can be obtained from its comparison with "Tongmeng Notes" and "University",that is,the relationship between "Mongols","Tongmeng" and "Scholars".As an important part ofZhu Zi’s educational ideology,the thought of "Xiao Xue" had a profound impact on later generations.Later dynasties unanimously approved and vigorously praised the book "Primary schools".It is also due to the effective development of Zhu Zi’s disciple.The rich resources contained in the thoughts of "Primary schools" have extremely high modern value,especially"to learn to become moral" and "nourishing yourself by thinging".