A Study On The Politics Of The Lu State As Seen On The Chu Bamboo Slips In The Warring States Period In Shanghai Museum

As an important feudal state,the State of Lu played an important role in the historical stage of the Zhou Dynasty.In the Spring and Autumn Period when rituals were broken and music was broken,Lu State was valued by all countries for its characteristic of "adhering to Zhou’s rituals".However,there are still gaps in the records of the history of the state of Lu in the existing documents.In recent years,there are many articles in the Warring States Chu Bamboo Books in the Warring States Period in the Shanghai Museum that are closely related to the history and culture of the state of Lu,involving the internal affairs,diplomacy,war and Confucianism of the state of Lu,providing important documents for the study of the state of Lu and Confucius’ thought.The Chen of Cao Mo曹沫之陈and the Great Drought of Lubang鲁邦大旱involve the content of Lu’s diplomacy,military operations,and political and civil affairs.In the Chen of Cao Mo曹沫之陈,the noble people in the army of the state of Lu live in front of the battle and Gongsun Gongzi公孙公子must be interspersed between Shiwu什伍,Such principles of army formation are closely related to the patriarchal aristocratic system of the Lu.However,in the text,Luzhuanggong鲁庄公carefully accepted Cao Mo’s曹沫advice and reflected the changes in Lu’s strategy of employing people.In the Great Drought of Lubang鲁邦大旱,Confucius advocated that"right punishment and virtue"正刑与德and"sacrificing mountains and rivers to ghosts and gods"祀山川鬼神should be implemented at the same time when faced with drought.It is Confucius’political strategy of retreat to advance.The two essays are the countermeasures made by the State of Lu in the face of foreign enemies and internal affairs.Confucius Meets Ji Huanzi孔子见季桓子and Ji Kangzi Asks Confucius季康子问于孔子respectively record the dialogue between Ji Huanzi,Ji Kangzi and Confucius on political issues.They are more comprehensive than the sporadic records in handed down documents.Ji Kangzi’s thought of"kill the big ones,punish them for Zang,and punish them for the small"大辠杀之,臧辠刑之,小辠罚之differs greatly in the intensity of punishment from Confucius’idea that"big crimes are punished,medium crimes are punished,and small crimes are rewarded"大罪以刑,中罪则罚,小罪即赀.If you are not strong,you will not stand"不强则不立is also an important proposition of Ji’s government.In the text,Ji Huanzi and Ji Kangzi’s seeking advice from Confucius and their repeated references to"the sages of the state"show the image of Ji Huanzi and Ji Kangzi respecting the virtuous and advocating the virtuous.Ji’s father and son were based in the state of Lu with severe punishments and strict laws,and the political thought of honoring the virtuous.The concept of strict power is formed by Ji’s long-term competition.Chapters such as Engaging in Politics从政,A Gentleman as a Ritual君子为礼,and Questions from Disciples弟子问record the dialogues between Confucius and his disciples on issues of governance,and the content mostly corresponds to handed down documents.The"Siwu"四毋and"Qiji"七机in Engaging in Politics从政are Confucius’s opposition to harsh government.And"Bufufayingezeminbuyuan"不敷法盈恶则民不怨,which reflects Confucius’affirmation of the means of punishment.Punishment and morality complement each other and cannot be separated from each other.Sages can be appointed,and"knowledge","expensiveness"and"richness"cannot be enjoyed alone,but should be shared with the people.This is the embodiment of Confucius’advocacy of respecting the virtuous and valuing the people.The above thoughts are important thoughts of Confucius on the governance of the state of Lu and the whole Spring and Autumn period,which better reflect the overall context of Confucius’thought of governing.