A Study On Yunnan Cross-border Railway During The Anti-Japanese War

After the Sino-French War,France actively sought its interests in China,in order to compete for more economic and political interests in China,the construction of cross-border railway gradually put on the agenda.Through political and military means,France forced the Qing dynasty to sign a series of treaties with it,including The Vietnam Clause,The Sino-French Commercial Treaty for The Renewal of Negotiations,and the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway Charter,thus gaining the rights to trade and build the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway,and making its power penetrate into China.At the same time,Yunnan was actively explored by Britain.After negotiation,Britain and France admitted that they could build railways in Yunnan respectively.But,because the opportunity has been lost,Yunnan people’s strong opposition and shelved.After the outbreak of the all-out War of Resistance against Japanese aggression,rich areas such as north China,south China and coastal areas were attacked by Japan,causing serious economic losses and large areas of land to be captured,in order to ensure the smooth international transport and the Nan King National Government actively,build up the southwest international communication,to meet the needs of the development of wartime transport and the home front,to enrich the purpose of national defense,the founding of the Anti-Japanese War,therefore,it is necessary to build and maintain the cross-border railway connecting China and foreign countries.As one of the provinces in the rear area of southwest China and close to French Vietnam and British Burma,Yunnan was of great strategic importance and became an important area for the Nationalist government to build international communication lines,especially cross-border railways.In control on the basis of relevant historical materials,this paper discusses Yunnan cross-border railway construction,transportation,maintenance,show why,Yunnan cross-border railway during the Anti-Japanese War revealed "why",analyze the historical status and role,and further explore of Yunnan during the Anti-Japanese War,answer "to the corner of the Dutch national burden of this problem,Based on this analysis and evaluation of Yunnan’s role in the war of Resistance against Japan.The paper is divided into six parts:The first part is the introduction,which summarizes the situation of Yunnan cross-border railway and expounds the reason,research significance,main content and innovation objectives of this paper.The second part discusses the construction of Yunnan cross-border railway.Yunnan-Vietnam Railway was opened in the late Qing Dynasty,which had a great impact on Chinese people.The students and gentry actively organized the Yunnan-Sichuan railway and opposed the British construction of the Yunnan-Burma railway.However,due to the lack of funds and technology and the turbulent domestic situation,they could not build their own cross-border railway until the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan.After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japanese aggression,as the Japanese army intensified the blockade of China’s ports and important cities,the construction of new international communication lines is particularly important.At this time,in order to obtain a safe access to the sea,to ensure the smooth entry of supplies to China,the Nan King National Government jointly with the Yunnan Provincial government,Sichuan provincial government actively prepared to build Yunnan-burma railway and Xufu-Kunming railway,trying to get through Sichuan,Yunnan to Burma and India’s channel,and to enrich national defense.In the process of construction,the Nan King National Government actively negotiated with its friends to obtain funds and relevant materials for road construction.Diplomatic means were used to send political and academic dignitaries to negotiate with the United Kingdom,the United States,France and other Allies,striving for more benefits and facilitating the construction of cross-border railways.In addition,the coordination of Yunnan,Sichuan and other places.After taking into account the circumstances of all parties,a decision should be made in line with China’s national conditions.Finally,people in Yunnan were mobilized to build roads.In the harsh natural environment and the lack of food and medicine,Yunnan people can still insist on road construction,in this process,writing a song of praise for hard resistance against war road construction.The Yunnan-Burma-Xufu-Kunming railway was finally closed due to the weak war situation,and all efforts were in vain.This reflects the difficulty of the war of resistance.The third part discusses the general situation of Yunnan cross-border railway transportation,and analyzes its influencing factors through relevant data.After the outbreak of the war,Yunnan-Vietnam Railway and the Xufu-Kunming Railway,which was built in the later period,both assumed the wartime transport function,guaranteed the transport of important foreign military supplies and effectively supported the needs of the front.At the same time,the Nan King National Government set up the Southwest Transportation Office to manage the import and export transportation,so that the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway not only undertook the wartime transportation,but also took into account the commercial transportation and passenger transportation,which to some extent invigorated the rear economy.After the foreign section of Yunnan-Vietnam Railway was blockaded,the domestic section undertook commercial transport.The main military transport mission fell on the partly renovated Syria-Kunming railway.With the completion of Kunming,Qujing and Zhanyi airports,The Xufu-Kunming railway has become an important choice for land and air combined transport.The fourth part discusses the maintenance of Yunnan cross-border railway during the Anti-Japanese War.It is mainly divided into diplomatic maintenance and military maintenance.The Yunnan-Vietnam Railway mainly focused on diplomatic maintenance,and the management right of the road was in the hands of the French.In order to get supplies for China to be transported into China,it became the diplomatic focus of the Nan King National Government in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War through Vietnam.The Nan King National Government repeatedly assign government officials to negotiate with France on transit transport issues,and Ambassador To France Gu Weijun made great efforts in this process.At the same time,in order to deepen the cooperation with France,the Nan King National Government assign Sun Ke,Yang Jie,Li Shizeng and other people to France to negotiate on the cooperation matters,but finally failed because of France’s wavering attitude and the deterioration of the situation in Southeast Asia.It ended with France closing the Indochina Passage and China tearing down a section of the Yunnan-Vietnam railway close to foreign countries.The Burma Railway focuses on military maintenance.During the Anti-Japanese War,the construction of Yunnan-Burma Railway in cooperation with Britain has always been an important activity of the Nationalist government to Britain.Britain was lukewarm until the Pacific War broke out and the situation in Burma became critical.At this time,in order to prevent Burma from falling into the hands of The Japanese army and ensure the normal operation of Yangon,an important outlet to the sea,the Nationalist government was invited by the British to form the Chinese Expeditionary Force to fight in Burma,which was the first time for the Chinese expeditionary Force to fight in Burma.The Chinese expeditionary Force failed because of its internal command confusion and the treachery of British troops.The fifth part is the function of Yunnan cross-border railway.By summarizing the above,it can be concluded that its transportation during the Anti-Japanese War changed China’s industrial layout and promoted the industrial development of Yunnan.Colleges and universities moved inwards,flourishing Yunnan culture;The importation of munitions stabilized the home front and consolidated national defense.The sixth part is the conclusion.Combined with the above discussion,through the construction,operation and maintenance of Yunnan cross-border railway during the Anti-Japanese War,the status and role of Yunnan Anti-Japanese War is analyzed to deepen the research on the history of Anti-Japanese War.