Study Of The Transcript Of Dunhuang’s "Ten Kings"

In the late Tang,,Five Dynasties,and early Song dynasties,the "Ten Kings" was widely popular in China,which combines Buddhist hell thinking and traditional Chinese folk beliefs.According to statistics,there are 38 Chinese manuscripts of the "Ten Kings" preserved in the Dunhuang Grottoes,of which 30 manuscripts have been proofread by Du Doucheng and other scholars,but 8 manuscripts have not been proofread and sorted out.This paper collates and organizes the uncorrected version,and conducts a systematic study of the manuscript of the "Ten Kings".The manuscript form of Dunhuang’s Ten Kings includes not only the division of the text system of the Classic of Ten Kings,but also the analysis of the form of binding.There is still no unified standard for the division of text systems.This article makes an in-depth discussion of the various theories,and thinks that it is appropriate to divide into three systems.In addition,the binding form of the script of the Ten Kings is a problem that has not been paid enough attention by the academic circles.The research in this paper shows that the binding form of the Ten Kings in Dunhuang follows the development track of Chinese books,mainly scrolls,albums and leaves.The binding form changes with the content of the text.The text system and binding form of the Ten Kings are closely related to the spread of Buddhism.The academic circles have achieved fruitful results in the proofreading of Dunhuang’s "Ten Kings",but there are still eight pieces of S.5450,S.5531,P.5580,S.7598,Y073 ノ 2,Y408,Y723,Y742 V The manuscript is in urgent need of collation.The collation of these eight manuscripts can provide new documents for the study of the related issues of the Ten Kings,and can greatly enrich the manuscript system of the Ten Kings.When copying the Dunhuang version of the Ten Kings,the content related to the same volume can be in three cases: one is the copying of a single content on the same side;The second is to copy two or more kinds of content on the same side together;the third is to copy different content on the front and back respectively.This article adopts the transcripts of P.2249,S.5450,S.5544,S.5585,S.5531,P.5580,Yu 073 ノ,Yu 742 and Zhai Fengda’s transcripts(Jinyi 193,BD.04544,P.2055)analysis,found that there is an inseparable relationship between the "Ten Kings" and childhood education,and at the same time revealed that Dunhuang people are highly concerned about their own real interests and posthumous orientation.And those manuscripts that contain many scriptures in addition to the "Ten Kings" should be the models used in related Buddhist ceremonies.This provides real data for understanding the influence of the belief of the Ten Kings on the people and the development of Buddhism in Dunhuang society.Through the discussion of Dunhuang’s "Ten Kings" manuscript,it is found that it has the following three characteristics: one is the practicality of the manuscript,the second is the particularity of the style,and the third is the utilitarian nature of belief activities.This is also the reason why the manuscript of Dunhuang’s "Ten Kings" has been widely copied.