Research On The Sanmenxia Area Of Yangshao Cultural

This paper studies the Yangshao culture in Sanmenxia area of western Henan Province,south of Zhongtiao Mountain and north of Gushan Mountain.Yangshao culture is one of the most influential prehistoric civilizations in the late Neolithic Age in China.Sanmenxia area is the center of Yangshao culture in western Henan,and it is also the hub connecting Guanzhong and Heluo areas.This paper attempts to systematically study the complex cultural features,rich social environment,diverse settlement patterns and the development of Yangshao culture in this area.The cultural connotation of Yangshao culture in Sanmenxia area at different stages of development often includes the factors of surrounding archaeological culture in the same period.Moreover,there are many Yangshao cultural relics found in this area,and the research results are quite rich.The development context of Yangshao culture is relatively clear.By combing the unearthed materials of Yangshao cultural relics in Sanmenxia area,and on the basis of the stacking and breaking relationship between the strata of the sites,the evolution law of the artifacts of the relics and the absolute age data provided by some relics,the Yangshao culture in this area is divided into four stages: early,early,middle and late.The early relics of Yangshao culture in Sanmenxia area are represented by lingbaodidong phase I,which belongs to the type of Yangshao culture jujube garden.The early relics,represented by nanjiaokou phase I relics,belong to the Banpo type of Yangshao culture.The middle-term relics,represented by Miaodigou phase I,belong to Miaodigou type of Yangshao culture.The late relics,represented by the second phase of Yangshao village site,belong to the Xiwang type of Yangshao culture.The four stages are connected and developed,and the evolution law of the shape of the apparatus between each stage is clear.The cultural features and properties reflected by the early relics of Yangshao culture in Sanmenxia area show that Yangshao culture in Sanmenxia area should be the Peiligang culture originated from the central Henan region,and was influenced by the old Guantai culture in the process of its emergence and development.The cultural characteristics and connotation of the mid-term relics of Yangshao culture in this area show that the reasons for the rise of Yangshao culture in Sanmenxia area during the Miaodigou period are various,including important geographical location,appropriate climate environment,agricultural progress,population increase,the emergence of top-level settlements,hierarchical differentiation,etc.At the same time,the research on the late diluvium of Miaodigou type found in Bancun site and related environmental archaeology shows that there is a violent fluctuating climate environment and frequent natural disasters in the late Miaodigou type in Sanmenxia area,which leads to the loss of a large number of living environments and rapid decline of Miaodigou type.The settlement of Yangshao culture in Sanmenxia area has a small gap among the sites in the early stage of Yangshao culture.In this period,the settlement agglomeration is not obvious,and the settlement layout has been simply planned.In the middle of Yangshao culture,with the emergence of large-scale settlements and the continuous increase of the number of settlements,a settlement center with Lingbao zhudingyuan area as the core was formed in Sanmenxia area,the settlement scale was expanding,and the settlement layout had a clear plan.In the late period of Yangshao culture,with the decline of Miaodigou type,Yangshao culture in Sanmenxia gradually lost its central position.In the development of an archaeological culture,it is essential to have exchanges and communication with the archaeological culture in the surrounding areas.Yangshao culture in Sanmenxia area has different ways of communication with archaeological culture in different periods and regions.In the early stage of Yangshao culture,the cultural development level of each region was not too high,and the exchange and interaction between cultures were not frequent.To the early stage of Yangshao culture,the Banpo type in Guanzhong area developed rapidly and had a great impact on the surrounding areas.During this period,the development of Yangshao culture in Sanmenxia area was mainly affected by the Banpo type.In the middle of Yangshao culture,Yangshao culture in Sanmenxia ushered in the peak of development.During this period,the Miaodigou type in Sanmenxia swept all directions during this period with its characteristic sharp bottom bottles and red tape and dazzling painted pottery patterns,and had a great impact on the archaeological culture in the surrounding areas.In the late period of Yangshao culture,Yangshao culture in Sanmenxia gradually declined,while Miaodigou phase II culture in southern Shanxi began to invade Sanmenxia,which changed the original development direction of Yangshao culture in Sanmenxia and transformed into local Miaodigou phase II culture.