The Effect Of Specific Emotion And Time Pressure On The Inter-temporal Decision

Intertemporal decision-making refers to the decision-making process in which individuals make choices in losses or gains occurring at different times and places.In reality,individuals may make intertemporal decision in different fields every day.Thus,intertemporal decision-making has become one of the research hotspots in the decision-making field.In order to improve the quality of intertemporal decision-making and make a rational choice,it is necessary to analyze and study the complex factors affecting intertemporal decision-making.Three major factors that affect the result of intertemporal decision-making are the mood state in decision-making,the special decision-making situation and differences in decision-making tasks.Firstly,the internal emotional state will affect individual judgment.Previous research on emotion and decision-making mainly divides into two research paradigms: the positive and negative emotion with distinct valence of emotion and specific emotion.Studies on specific emotion further subdivides emotions according to cognitive appraisal tendency.Emotions with the same core appraisal theme are more likely to make the same decision.Secondly,completing the task under time-constrained conditions creates a sense of stress,which makes the individual prefer the current reward.In addition,the setting of intertemporal decision-making tasks also affects individual choices.Studies have found that in monetary decision-making tasks,individuals prefer delayed rewards when the delay amount in the option is set higher than the small amount of delayed reward.Therefore,to explore the influence of internal and external factors on intertemporal decision-making,this study chooses the mood state to represent the internal state、the time pressure in the decision-making to represent the external environment and the amount of delayed reward to represent the internal factor of intertemporal decision-making itself.The purpose of this study is to examine the differences between the consistency and inconsistency of specific emotions in intertemporal decision-making and to explore whether time pressure and the amount of delayed reward affect the intertemporal decision-making results under different specific emotions.The whole research divided into 2 studies: The pre-experiment used the experimental method to confirm the specific time that can elicit time pressure.By inducing different specific emotions,controlling time pressure and the size of delayed reward,the formal experiment was conducted to explore the influence of three independent variables: specific emotion,time pressure and delayed reward on dependent variable: the intertemporal decision-making.The research results are as follows:(1)Specific emotions with the same valence but different core appraisal theme had inconsistent choices of delayed and immediate rewards,while specific emotions with different valences but the same core appraisal theme had consistent choices of delayed and immediate rewards.(2)When individual made decision under time pressure or with smaller delayed rewards,they were more likely to choose instant rewards.(3)The difference in delayed discount rate for distinct specific emotions was not affected by the amount of delayed reward.(4)Under time pressure,the group with larger amount of delayed reward tended to choose delayed reward,and the group with smaller amount of delayed reward tended to choose immediate reward;under no time pressure,there were no difference between the two.These findings enrich the relevant research on the factors of intertemporal choice,and further verify the influence of emotion and time pressure on intertemporal decision-making.In the future,people can make more rational decisions through emotion regulation and decision-making time control,which is beneficial to maximize the benefits and minimize the losses between the choice of future and realty.