| There are a lot of prehistoric burials of minors in the Haidai Region,and the tradition of mainly using earthen pit tombs is different from other areas,which has certain characteristics.Minors and adults are both important elements of social groups,with different social attributes.The funeral concepts,social relationships,and social structures reflected through tombs are also different.Through the study of the prehistoric minor earthen pit tombs in the Haidai region,we can understand more comprehensively the changes in the burial system and social structure in this area.Based on the collection and arrangement of the prehistoric minor earthen pit tombs in the Haidai area,the types of those tombs can be divided into two categories: single burial and joint burial according to the number of burials in the tomb.Then,the single burials are subdivided according to the different burial utensils,and the joint burials are subdivided according to the number of co-burial adults.Observing the time and regional evolution of burials,we can conduct staging and zoning studies.The whole duration can be divided into two periods and four regions which is marked by the decline in the type of joint burials.And the first stage can be subdivided into three stages according to the proportion of various burials.The characteristics of each district are more obvious.The early phase shows an expansion state,and the later phase begins to collapse.Combined with factors such as the area of the tomb,and the type and quantity of burials,then through quantitative analysis,the single burials of prehistoric minors in the Haidai region can be divided into four grades.There are many high-grade tombs in the second and third stages of the first phase,which are similar to the high-grade tombs among adults,but there are still dominated by middle and low grade tombs;but in the second phase,most are all low-grade tombs.The differences in the burial hierarchy deepened.Research on the age distribution and the locations in the cemetery area of single burials and joint burials shows that the boundary between the minor earthen pit tombs and the adult tombs in this area is not obvious,and most of them gather in the burial area together,and more closely with adult males.Through comparative analysis,it can be found that the age of the urn burials of prehistoric minors in the Haidai region is generally young,the distribution range is small,and the time of appearance is not very early.It may be affected by the burial customs in the Central Plains,but it has a negative impact on the development of local minor burials.Compared with the adult burials of the same period,it can be found that in the later period,the burial of minors and adults has greater differentiation,and maybe some burial customs that are exclusive to adults and not available to minors.Compared with the burials of minors in other prehistoric surrounding areas,it can be found that the Haidai region has continued the minor burial tradition dominated by the earthen-pit tombs,and most of the minors are located next to the tombs of adults and buried together in the public cemetery area,which has a certain uniqueness.Finally,through a comprehensive analysis of the above studies,it can be seen that the social structure and inheritance relationship in the Haidai region are gradually developing toward the patrilineal relationship.A relatively stable marriage relationship close to monogamy may have appeared,but social requirements may not yet be strict,so there may also be multiple forms of marriage in the same period.The decay of joint burials also indicates a reduction in the size of the social unit.The hierarchical differentiation of minor tombs intensifies with the development of society.The later the stage is,the more attention is paid to the difference between adults and minors,And restrictions are imposed on minor burials,which makes the burial system more standardized and institutionalized,which also reflects the intensified trend of social differentiation. |
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