The Study Of The Central Forbidden Military System In The Late-Tang And Later Liang Dynasties

During the late-Tang Dynasty and the five dynasties,the forbidden army had close relationships with the grass-roots armed forces and the Provinces.After the emergence of“du(都)”in Qianfu era,the"du"was scattered throughout the country.“Du”developed in Henan,Zhejiang,Huainan,Hexi and other places maturely.The development path of"du"have a difference in the zhonghe era.The"du"that originated from Henan became a direct source of Shence military’s reform.The absorption of the"du"by the Tang court at AD.883 a opened a precedent for the regimes in five dynasties created the forbidden military using the grass-roots armed forces.During this process,The adoption of"du"by the Shence Army had double factors:one is the southwest border defense crisis,the other is political crisis erupted in Sichuan.Due to the characteristics in Shence army including strong regional color,fulling with a large number of township soldiers,Shence lieutenant(神策中尉)implemented many De-regionalized measures such as tattoo soldiers and let a part of generals leve the Shence army to the provinces.Within the captial-defense system collapsing,the state of the provinces went through a sharp change.Therefore,it even caused the provinces’intervention into the Shence military system after tianfu(天复)era.After the Huangchao Rebellion,because the Shence military towns collapsed,the capital-defense system relied on the"Shence Jundu Power Network"which was constructed by Yang Fugong(杨复恭),a lieutenant of Shence military.It shows three characteristics including circle layered,Familial and military-political.With the struggle between eunuchs,prime ministers,clan offices,and powerful provinces’commanders for controlling the forbidden army,the instability of the structure of the Shence Army led to the collapse of the state of the provinces.From the"Shence Jundu Power Network"to the"Commanding military by clan",the Tang Dynasty weakened the control of the Shence lieutenant over the army,and the court realized the redistribution of the power of forbidden army.The structure of the forbidden army has not been able to break away from the pattern of maintaining the military structure by blood.In addition,when Emperor Zhaozong led clan to command the Dianhou Sijun(殿后四军),he borrowed from the"Backyard Army"(后院军)system,which show the provinces influenced the construction of the forbidden army system in the late-Tang Dynasty.From Jingfu to Tianfu ear,In the process of the battle between the provinces and the Tang court,Xuanwu province was finally able to control the forbidden army.Since then,the guard system of Luoyang Palace during Tianfu-Tianyou era laid the foundation for the Forbidden Army in Later Liang dynasty.In the beginning of the Five Dynasties,due to the differences that the latter Liang and the latter Tang established political legitimacy ways,it affected the absorption of the Tang system when they built different forbidden military systems.The forbidden army is an official position that can reflects this historical change.The origin of Tongjun(统军)is that the Tang court placed the commanders resigned from the provinces science the Xingyuan era.After the later Liang Dynasty established,the Tongjun was re-entrusted with new functions and became the actual commanders of the Forbidden military.After the establishment of the Later Tang Dynasty,the Tongjun imitated the Tang system once again,which was a manifestation connecting with the Tang dynasty.Appointment the commander-in-chief with generous and high-status Tongjun has become an important measure that can ensure the provinces’peace.The Tongjun was also linked to the central political situation.the political orientation of the Tongjun became a decisive factor that could ensure the succesion of aristocrats’coup.The eruption of Qianhua coup(乾化政变)have some key points:the one is Longhu Tongjun(龙虎统军)strengthened by annexing the Shiwei Qinjun(侍卫亲军).the other is the Yuan Cong(元从)generals was suspected by Zhu Wen(朱温)in the Kaiping last years.And another reason is why aristocrat became the dominant force in forbidden military.In this way,the distribution of power appered confusing.