Study On The Tombs Of Song,Jin And Xixia In Gan-Ning Area

The golden chamber tombs of Song Dynasty in Gan-Ning area are mainly single chamber tombs of imitation wood structure,with a small number of double or single chamber tombs.The tomb plane is mainly square or rectangular,not round or polygonal tomb.The number of funerary objects is small,common pottery,porcelain,coins and so on.There are both similarities and differences between the decorative patterns in brick tomb and gold tomb in the Northern Song Dynasty.There are more decorative patterns in the tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty,such as leading horses and camels,pounding rice and grinding in daily life,and so on.In the decorative techniques to brick carving patterns,single brick around without borders,painting patterns rare;In the Golden tomb,there are fewer pictures of feasting,traveling and daily life,and more pictures of filial piety.The picture brick that has carving and mold printing on adornment gimmick,picture brick contains frame,and after making more,impose coloured drawing or pattern.The Song and Jin tombs in Gan Ning area are similar to the Song tombs in this area in terms of burial shape and decoration theme.In terms of funeral thoughts,they mainly show the characteristics of the integration of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism and guarding against evil spirits,which is a kind of diversified funeral thoughts.The Xi Xia tombs in Gan-Ning area are divided into noble tombs and civilian tombs,with distinct grades and great differences.Noble tombs were only found in northern Ning Xia,and their owners were members of prominent Dang Xiang families.The tomb is mainly buried in soil hole with long slope ramp,and the ground is rammed with conical soil seal.The burial custom is mainly buried in earth,and cremation is rare.The tomb was disturbed by a large area of theft,burial goods have porcelain,wood,bronze and so on.Civilian tombs of the Xi Xia dynasty were found in Gan Ning and Gansu,mainly in single-chamber small brick tombs,which were cremated with porcelain and wooden articles.In terms of burial customs,the tombs of Xi Xia nobility not only absorbed and integrated the funeral customs of Han culture,but also retained the traditional funeral culture of Dang Xiang nationality,while the civilian tombs of Xi Xia nationality reflected more of the funeral culture of Han nationality.