The Hegelian Origin Of Marx’s Alienation Theory

This article takes the essential connection of alienation theory of Marx with Hegel as the entry point,explains the main elements of Hegel’s and Marx’s theories of religious alienation,political alienation,and labor alienation,clarifies that Marx’s alienation theory did not stop at humanism,but re-elucidated from the perspective of historical materialism,and explores the contemporary significance of Marx’s theory of alienation in today’s technology dominates laborers.As the source of Marx’s theory of alienation,Hegel gave Marx a sense of history and reality,and contributed to Marx’s discovery of social reality.Through the criticism and transcendence of Hegel,Marx puts the study of alienation on the basis of social reality.On this basis,Marx essentially revealed the manifestations and roots of alienation in society in contemporary history.This shows that Marx’s theory of alienation does not stop at humanistic speculation,but is based on historical materialism.Marx’s entire theory of alienation starts with criticism of religious alienation,returns to the world through the criticism of political alienation,and finally enters the criticism of labor alienation to reveal the mystery of the alienation of capitalist society.Therefore,this article is divided into four parts.The first part mainly introduced the discussion of religious alienation by Marx and Hegel and the Young Hegelian.Hegel interprets the process of Christian alienation as the process of life(spiritual)development,thus constructing historical theology and further forming historical philosophy.The Young Hegelians further discussed religious alienation on the basis of Hegel.Powell believes that religion is the product of "alienated self-consciousness",and Feuerbach believes that religion is the alienation of human nature.Through the criticism of Hegel’s "history" in advance,Marx believes that religious alienation has its own historical and social reality.Criticizing religious alienation should start from criticizing political alienation.The second part mainly combed the discussion of political alienation between Marx and Hegel.Hegel believes that the process of spiritual self-alienation,the process of world history,is consistent with the process of perfecting the political system.This kind of political theory constructed through the history of spiritual alienation has never been able to solve the poverty problem of modern civil society.Based on the re-understanding of Hegel’s"history",Marx discussed the roots,manifestations and ways of sublation of political alienation,and went further into the investigation of the proletariat and labor itself.The third part Explained Marx and Hegel’s discussion of labor alienation.Hegel believes that labor is the externalization of self-consciousness,and this activity is abstracted and alienated in society.Based on the contemporary historical premise,that is,the separation of capital and wage labor,Marx investigated the fundamental reasons for the formation of"alienation" and "abstract" labor of Hegel’s writings.The root of labor alienation is that under the conditions of production in a capitalist society,part of the labor product(surplus value)produced by workers belongs to others and belongs to the capitalist.In Marx’s view,with the demise of the capitalist mode of production,alienated labor will eventually return to "non-alienated labor",that is,free and conscious activities.The fourth part used alienation theory to explore the alienation of modern technology and labor under the control of capital.The dual dominance of labor by capital using modern technology has led to an unprecedented degree of alienation of labor.We must eliminate the capital logic behind modern technology,before eliminate the universal alienation caused by modern technology.Alienation theory of Marx a is not an "immature" theory,but an important element of thought of Marx.Marx’s alienation theory cannot be "combined" with various theories at will,but should be investigated under the perspective of historical materialism.Today,we still have "legitimacy" to use Marx’s theory of alienation for social criticism.This does not mean to simply describe all social contradictions as "alienation",but to see the more essential problems hidden behind the alienation of social phenomena from the perspective of historical materialism,and then analyze and solve these problems.