Research On Marx’s View Of Freedom And Its Evolution Logic

Marx’s view of freedom inherits the discussion of external inevitability in ancient Greece,sublates the transcendental definition of medieval religion that freedom is a complete self-determination,goes beyond the pure moral freedom stipulated by Kant with "absolute law",dialectically negates the freedom of consciousness of Hegel’s idealism,and looks at and solves problems from the perceptual world and existing problems.For Marx,freedom is the sublation of religious oppression,political oppression and economic oppression,and the transcendence of the illusory freedom of capitalism with private ownership as the basic premise.On the premise of the unity of the theoretical logic from special to universal and the historical logic of continuous development,Marx stipulated that the final freedom and real freedom are not limited by any non inevitable and non historical conditions,It has realized the universal freedom of people’s all-round development.This study holds that the evolution of Marx’s view of freedom follows the dialectical logic from abstraction to reality,from particularity to universality,and the unity of reality and universality.From the writing of Marx’s doctoral dissertation to the formation of German Ideology,Marx’s concept of freedom has experienced the baptism of material interests in the Rhine newspaper period and the reflection on Hegel’s legal philosophy based on free rationality before and after the German Law Yearbook,and then faced the civil society and established the historical materialism through the research of political economics,Initially completed the logical evolution from abstract freedom to realistic freedom.In this process,on the one hand,Marx denied the non freedom brought by the existing capitalism,on the other hand,he denied the abstraction of freedom of consciousness with the help of realistic circumstances.After the formation of historical materialism,with the help of the analysis of the three stages of human freedom development,Marx put forward the universal individual freedom and completed the transformation of freedom from particularity to universality through the historical affirmation and further development of the special freedom such as identity freedom,religious freedom and political freedom.Universal freedom is neither the individualism of traditional thought nor the holism criticized by Western Marxists such as Lukacs,Gramsci and Althusser,but the dialectical unity of individual and overall.It is the real freedom that realizes "everyone’s free development is the condition for everyone’s free development".The logic from abstraction to reality is to shrink from the maximum possibility of freedom(including abstract possibility)to the realizability of reality step by step;The logic from particularity to universality is the greatest possibility to expand step by step from the undoubted realizability of freedom to reality.Both logics have the goal of achieving real freedom,but the direction is completely opposite.With the help of dialectical thinking,Marx connected the two with the method of historicism to complete the unity of the reality and universality of Marx’s view of freedom.On the one hand,the study of Marx’s view of freedom and its evolution logic is conducive to the overall understanding and grasp of Marx’s view of freedom and Marxism.On the other hand,it also provides a series of basic principles for establishing a correct view of freedom: the pursuit of universal freedom is always the vision and goal of the development of human society;The material accumulation above the development of productive forces is the decisive driving force for the realization of universal freedom;The boundary of existing freedom is historical and phased,and there is the possibility of being moved;The focus and solution of the existing non freedom should be based on whether the restrictions have historical inevitability.