Study On Phags-pa Script And Middle Mongolian Language

Phags-pa Script is a pinyin character created by Kublai Khan’s national master Phags-pa Script for "translating and writing all characters".At present,the translated and written languages include Mongolian,Chinese,Tibetan,Uygur,Sanskrit and so on.Phags-pa Script alphabet is based on the Tibetan alphabet,reformed.There are 41 original letters,and these letters can adapt to various sounds.Its spelling also strikes a balance between languages.In 1204,after Genghis Khan conquered Naiman,he began to use the Uighur alphabet to spell Mongolian.In this way,the traditional Mongolian language used by the Mongolians,namely the Uighur Mongolian,has a history of more than 800 years.This kind of writing is formed on the basis of the Uighur characters.The Uighur alphabet is derived from the Sogdian alphabet.The Uyghur Mongolian spelling basically follows the rules of Uyghur.It’s written in a top-down,left-to-right order.The scholars came up with fourteen symbols by analyzing the form.The standard Uyghur Mongolian language uses these fourteen symbols to write all Mongolian sounds.Most of the characters in Uighur Mongolian are multi-purpose characters,which undertake the task of writing more than two phonemes.To determine the pronunciation of a word,you need to use other data.The Phags-pa Script character can be used as a phonetic note,which can accurately mark its pronunciation at that time.Most of the Mongolian documents of Phags-pa Script preserved today are stone engravings of official documents of the Yuan Dynasty.Among them are the imperial edicts,the empress’ s edicts,the Crown prince’s edicts,the imperial division’s legal edicts and official documents.In addition,there are some religious stone carvings,inscriptions and brand characters,book pages and so on.However,few Uygur Mongolian documents have been fully preserved until today.Today,there are several categories of Uygur Mongolian literature,such as writing,engraving,inscriptions,seals and symbols.They provide valuable materials for the study of Mongolian language history.This paper makes a systematic comparison between the Mongolian documents of Basiba and the Uygur Mongolian documents.In order to try to describe the Mongolian phonetic values at that time.In terms of ethnic culture,the Yuan Dynasty adopted a relatively loose policy of diversification,that is,it respected the culture and religion of all ethnic groups in China,and encouraged the cultural exchange and integration of all ethnic groups in China.The Yuan Empire’s policy of inclusiveness to all ethnic groups promoted the great integration of all ethnic groups and influenced the world economy and culture.The creation and implementation of Phags-pa Script strengthened the exchanges and integration of Mongolian,Han,Tibetan,Uygur and other ethnic groups,and also promoted the civilization process of Yuan Dynasty society to a certain extent.It is an important historical memory and precious historical data of the Chinese nation’s sense of community.