Banditry In The Eastern Province Of Mukden And Control(1862-1931)

During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,bandits in the Dongbian Dao Area of Mukden were quite serious,and the formation of this situation was inseparable from the natural environment and persistent social problems in the region.The mountainous and forested natural geography of the Dongbian Dao Area provides shelter for banditry activities.The high profits brought by the opium business on the Fengji border prompted various forces to flock to it,and the complex interest relationship made bandits a persistent disease in the region.The problems posed by immigrant societies themselves can easily breed illegal violence.The abnormal socio-economic development has not benefited most migrants,and some people in a state of frustration and unemployment are willing to join bandits to rob the property of rich families.The Dongbian Dao Area is also a "multi-bound" area,and the area between the boundaries is often an active place for bandits.The occurrence and evolution of bandits in the Dongbian Dao Area can be divided into three stages.The first stage was the rapid formation of Dongbian Dao Area bandits from Xianfeng to Tongzhi during Qing Dynasty.During this period,the vast area outside the wicker wall remained nominally closed,but large numbers of refugees inside Shanhaiguan Pass and from Korean,either because of natural and man-made disasters,or because of the rich resources in the eastern region attracted to land reclamation,logging and gold mining.Due to the Qing government’s neglect of governance,violent incidents of competition for resources between these immigrants are common,and the so-called "wooden bandits" and "gold bandits" have appeared.It can be seen that the root cause of banditry lies in the Qing government’s special system in the region,immigration and resource allocation problems.The second stage is that after the Japanese and Russian forces entered the Dongbian Dao Area,a large-scale war broke out in the region,and the bandit epidemic developed to an unprecedented level,and bandits also became the target of various forces to fight for and use,and the management of bandits became more complicated.The third stage was from the Russo-Japanese War to the September 18 Incident,the Dongbian Dao Area entered a period of relatively stable development,and the bandits in this period were mainly caused by various diseases in social and economic development,but it can not be ignored that the Wars between Zhixi and Fengxi and Guo Songling’s confrontation with Feng warlord created opportunities for the bandits in the east region..From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,bandits in the Dongbian Dao Area have always been endless,and they have always been a serious problem plaguing social order.Of course,military and police corruption is an important reason why it is difficult to eradicate banditry,but it should also be noted that the authorities need to spend considerable time and financial resources to train the military police,bandits itself is also a large number of manpower and material resources,more need the tacit cooperation between counties.But conflicts between counties in economic and security interests,as well as differences in power,make it difficult to thoroughly carry out the joint suppression and cleansing of the countryside regardless of borders.