Research On The Ethics Thought In Freud’s Personality Theory

Sigmund Freud(1856-1939)is one of the most influential thinkers in the 20 th century.His academic theory system not only involves the field of psychoanalysis,but also involves the macro world of human morality and civilization construction.Starting from the perspective of Freud’s theory of personality,which occupies the central position in the theoretical system,this paper makes an ethical exploration of Freud’s thought of moral personality based on the general paradigm and methods of moral personality research,hoping to provide a reference for the thinking direction of China’s ethical and moral construction.This article first explores the background and theoretical origins of Freud’s personality theory.Freud was in the Western market economy where many major theories in natural science were established and scientific and technological achievements exploded.His ideas absorbed the perspective of genetic evolution in Darwin’s theory of biological evolution;The philosophical views of Plato and Epicurus on the instinct of love and hedonism in ancient Greece;Schopenhauer and Nietzsche’s views on the "will to survive" and dreams;The research of hypnotism and the view of "talk therapy" by Sack and Bloire have made it possible to connect with the concepts of science,philosophy and ethics,so the personality theory can be constructed.Secondly,the mechanism of the formation and development of moral personality in Freudian personality theory was explored.The subconscious was the starting point of Freudian personality theory,and the subconscious formed moral personality.The personality structure in personality theory,namely the ego,id,and superego,follows the three principles of morality.The id follows the principle of happiness,the ego follows the principle of reality,and the superego follows the principle of the highest good.It is proposed that human nature has the characteristics of seeking benefits and avoiding harm,seeking pleasure and avoiding suffering,and being self interested and exclusive.Finally,the moral development mechanism in personality theory was analyzed,and it was believed that the moral development mechanism consists of three parts: personality motivation and moral motivation,personality development and moral behavior,and personality adaptation and moral development.Once again,it reveals the ethical issues in Freud’s personality theory.Analyzed the moral issues in Freud’s personality theory and further clarified Freud’s interpretation of his basic moral issues: he believed that the origin of morality belongs to unconscious biological instincts,which are innate human beings and also an instinct desire;To recognize the essence of morality as an individual’s psychological function,and the psychological basis is based on guilt.It is believed that the main function of morality is to suppress human instincts,desires,needs,and emotions,in order to constrain people’s free choice behavior.Finally,an ethical analysis was conducted on Freud’s personality theory.This article summarizes and analyzes Freud’s criticism of traditional Western moral concepts and the construction of new moral propositions.For the personality theory,its most valuable enlightenment lies in the fact that it is not necessary to negate or exclude human desires and instincts.It is unnecessary to maintain a perfect and divided old morality,and it is necessary to face and affirm human desires and instincts.Through scientific understanding of human nature and civilized needs,and based on science and reason,we can construct a new morality.This is a new task that humanity needs to complete.Freud believed that personality theory not only holds challenging significance at the methodological level,but also greatly expands the connotation of ethical theory in terms of practical content.