Research On Buddhist And Zen Allusions In Huang Tingian’s Poems

Huang Tingjian,one of the representatives of the poets in Song Dynasty,is the creator of Jiangxi Poets Society.A lot of allusions uesd in Poets in Song Dynasty,and the prosperity and development of Buddhism and Zen in Song Dynasty promoted Huang Tingjian’s extensive use of Buddhist and Zen allusions in his poems.Huang Tingjian used Buddhist and Zen allusions in 282 poems.Early allusions focused on"cultivateing the mind",which also ran through the whole process of Huang Tingjian’s poetry creation.The communication with Zen monks prompted Huang’s poems to use more Buddhist and Zen allusions.After the Yuan You(1086),the language resources in The Transmission of the Lamp(景德传灯録)began to be used more and more,which also accumulated poetic materials for the Rhyming poetry.After Shao Sheng(1094),Huang Tingjian’s life experience promote him to realize the Zen philosophy deeply.Under the influence of Su Shi,Huang Tingjian further developed and utilized the language resources in The Transmission of the Lamp,using Zen language and common sayings,and gradually established the language characteristics of Song Dynasty poetry of "being a family" through repeated use,which is also the most unique place of the Buddhist and Zen allusions in Huang’s poems.As far as single Buddhist scriptures are concerned,The Shurangama Sutra has the greatest influence on Huang Tingjian.Huang Tingjian paid steady attention to The Shurangama Sutra in every period,accepted the Buddhism and Zen thought of being clear-minded and seeing nature,formed his own self-cultivation way,and also utilized many allusions from it.The Buddhist and Zen allusions in Huang’s poems not only reflected the commonness of Song Dynasty poets’ allusions,but also embodied the individuality of Huang Tingjian’s allusions,which plays an important role in the formation of "Huang Tingjian’s Style".First,integrated into Taoist thought.Combine with the thought of hermit,and fight against the external competition with inner silence;The theory of equality of things has formed a carefree attitude towards life;Quiet environment formed a kind of quiet beauty in his poems.Second,created Song-style allusions.When using Buddhist and Zen allusions commonly used by predecessors,Huang Tingjian integrated new content,forming a new allusions tradition;Exploited and promoted allusions that were seldom used or not used by predecessors.This characteristic of allusions was also shared by other allusions in Huang’s poems.Third,created a strange way of using allusions: "Hard use" the original words of Buddhist and Zen allusions,relying on his own subjective consciousness,combined seemingly unrelated allusions with poetry content,which increases the language expressive ability.Unlike traditional way,which endowing the old allusions with new ideas,Huang Tingjian used Buddhist and Zen allusions directly,and then further extended them with his own imagination.Fourth,used allusions accurately.In the poems related to Buddhist monks and temples,used pertinent allusions intensively;Added interest and philosophy in the poems of daily life;Late poetry,with knowledge as its surface,emotion as its interior,was implicit,and expressed the universal emotional experience of human society.