A Comparative Study Of Civil Society Theories Between Marx And Hegel

The thought of civil society is not only an important part of Marx’s ideological system,but also an indispensable part of Hegel’s theory.In different times and social backgrounds,they put forward two ways to solve the completely opposite relationship between the state and civil society with Adam Smith as the logical starting point.This paper starts from the Smith factor,takes the civil society theories of Marx and Hegel as the research subject,systematically discusses what kind of reference Marx and Hegel made to the Smith factor,focuses on the similarities and differences between Marx and Hegel when inheriting the Smith factor,makes a vertical carding and horizontal comparison,and explores the practical significance of Marx’s civil society theory to pay attention to the Smith factor.This paper mainly covers the following five parts:The first part,introduction,explains the origin and significance of the problem,sorts out and summarizes the research trends of the academic community,summarizes the frontier issues in the academic community,and summarizes the overall framework and research ideas of this research.The second part introduces the main performance of Marx’s civil society theory to Adam Smith.Marx’s interpretation of the theory of civil society reveals the exploitative nature of capitalist society and the prominent position of material relations in the construction of civil society.Especially after the in-depth study,we can obviously find that Smith’s factors play a non-negligible role in it,concentrated in the three aspects of constituent elements,existence image and generation mechanism,which laid the foundation for Marx’s later construction of the theoretical building of civil society.The third part elaborates the inheritance of Hegel’s civil society theory to Adam Smith’s factors.Although Hegel did not explicitly express the impact of Smith’s factors on his civil society theory,it is not difficult to find references to Smith’s factors in his works Principles of Philosophy of Law and Phenomenology of Spirit.When Hegel formed the concept of civil society,national economics had a subtle influence on the formation of Hegel’s theoretical framework.In particular,the inheritance of the special nature of labor,the economic concept of civil society,and the dual separation between state and society embodies the division of labor formed by Smith’s emphasis on civil society driven by economic interests.The fourth part compares the similarities and differences between Marx and Hegel in the inheritance of Adam Smith,and finds the commonality between Marx and Hegel in the study of Adam Smith.At the same time,the paper discusses the theoretical differences between Marx and Hegel in inheriting Smith’s factors,and finds out the generating process of Hegel’s misunderstanding of the idea of the state in a logical and rational way,and corrects Hegel’s wrong understanding of the political state.At the same time,it finds out the key elements that Marx surpasses Adam Smith and Hegel,discusses the correct relationship between civil society and the state,and draws the conclusion that "civil society decides the state".In the fifth part,the realistic significance of Marx’s civil society theory is analyzed and studied.Marx’s civil society theory has achieved a fundamental transcendence on the basis of Smith and Hegel.His civil society theory contains rich theoretical value and practical significance,which provides reference for China to solve the relationship between political state and society and explore the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics.In addition,through in-depth analysis of its contemporary value,it is helpful to clarify the position of the proletariat,find out the nature of market economy,and establish the overall consciousness of social development.