San Martin And The Peruvian War Of Independence In The 19th Century

At the beginning of the 19 th century,the Latin American colonies were in turmoil.With the deepening of the contradiction between the surety and the colonies,Latin America set off a wave of opposition to colonial rule.In the mid-19 th century,Latin America entered the climax of the independence struggle,especially the Spanish Latin America represented by Peru gained independence one after another under the leadership of Jose Francisco de San Martin,which dealt a heavy blow to the Spanish colonial rule.Based on San Martin’s leadership of the war of independence as the main body of Peru,this paper discusses the process of Peru’s struggle for independence.Starting with the continental plan,San Martin made a lot of efforts for Peru’s independence.San Martin formed an army in Cuyo province to cross the Andes and fought Spanish royalists at Chakabuco and Maipu,securing the liberation of Chile while achieving a military triumph.In order to successfully enter Peru by sea,San Martin co-founded a naval fleet with the Chilean government and cooperated with Thomas Cochran of the British Navy to complete San Martin’s plan to march on Lima by sea and land.During the expedition to Peru,the Peruvian people gave San Martin great support,and the northern provinces successively declared their independence and joined the revolution,throwing the Peruvian colonial government into chaos.San Martin took advantage of the civil strife of the Peruvian governor to declare Peru’s independence on July 28,1821.During the Peruvian War of Independence,San Martin carried out two kinds of reform measures with the characteristics of monarchy and liberalism.These measures played a positive role in the process of striving for independence and to some extent alleviated the difficulties faced by Peru as a new country.Through the narration of the process of independence,combined with the reflection of the difficulties after Peru’s independence,this article argues that although the Peruvian expedition led by San Martin only won part of the independence of the Peruvian people,he still promoted the independence process of Peru and the whole Spanish America and played a decisive role in it.There is no denying that at the same time,due to the monarchism and wavering between liberalism and San Martin’s in Peru soon lose the trust of the past and the prestige,when Guayaquil meeting failed to bring San Martin’s expected results,he can only choose to resign from Peru.After the departure of San Martin,the Peruvian government fell into internal strife,and the instability of the country prevented Peru from entering a normal state of development for a long time after independence.