Research On The Head Of The Grain Farm In Shengjing During The Kang,Yong And Qian Periods Of The Qing Dynasty(1662-1795)

Qing dynasty set up a large number of imperial estates for the royal family to enjoy.There are all kinds of Huang Zhuang,like grain Zhuang,salt Zhuang,cotton Zhuang,indigo Zhuang,alkali Zhuang,orchards,etc.Shengjing grain Zhuang is an important part of the Huang Zhuang economy,Shengjing grain Zhuang established early,and had large scale and complete management system,system of Shengjing grain village head is complete,so the grain Zhuang is very representative.Grain Zhuang head not only assume the responsibility of food to the imperial family,but also undertake such important duties as watching the cellar grain,offering the fresh,salting pork,feeding the horses.The three basic elements that make up the economy of the grain farm are: land,labourers(i.e.able-bodied man),grassroots managers(i.e.Shengjing Grain Village Head),able-bodied man is the main labour force in the grain farm,for able-bodied man,Grain Zhuang head is the direct manager of the grain farm,for the royal family,Grain Zhuang head provide them with property,slaves for them to drive,the identity of the head of the grain farm has a dual nature.The Kang,Yong and Qian dynasties were the period in which the system of Grain Zhuang head developed and eventually matured.Therefore to reserach the system in this period is full of great significance in clarifying the origins,nature,duties and social identity of the Zhuangtou group.The Qing dynasty formed a large number of archival documents about Shengjing grain farm,and in recent years there has been a succession of publications of archival compilations of materials such as "Compilation of archives of Shengjing Neiwu Grain Farm","Selected historical materials from the archives of Shengjing Huangzhuang",and "Black Figure File",which provide us with sufficient historical materials to study the issue of Shengjing grain farm and its head of the farm in the Qing dynasty.Informative and reliable historical materials are the lifeline of history.This paper is based on archival materials from the Qing dynasty,local chronicles and notes of Qing people,and official documents from the Qing dynasty,such as “the Qing Shilu”and “the Qin Ding Da Qing Huidian”,to provide an objective analysis of the general situation of Shengjing Grain Village during the Kang,Yong and qian Dynasties,the establishment,sources,ranks,appointments and dismissals,rewards and punishments,duties and restrictions of the Shengjing Grain Village Head,and the dual identity attributes of Shengjing Grain Village Head,and on this basis an impartial evaluation of the contribution and influence of the Shengjing Grain Village Head in the Qing dynasty.The paper also provides an unbiased assessment of the contribution and influence of the head of the grain farm in Shengjing during the Qing Dynasty.