Research On The Development Process Of Physical Fitness Measurement Of Chinese Students From The Late Qing Dynasty To The Early Years Of The Founding Of The People’s Republic Of China

Objectives of the study:This study conducts retrospective research on the development of students’ physical fitness measurement in the period from the late Qing Dynasty to the early founding of the People’s Republic of China,as well as the proposal and implementation of relevant policies,in an attempt to clarify the development process and development of student physical fitness measurement in China in this special historical period from the late Qing Dynasty to the early period of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,and trace the physical constitution of Chinese people,the development of children and adolescents,the detection indicators and methods,the development of physical fitness measurement and social changes,and expand the vision of student physical fitness research.Research Methods:Using the literature and materials method,through the Beijing National Library,the Sports History Museum of Chengdu Institute of Physical Education,the Library of Chengdu Institute of Physical Education,as well as network platforms such as "CNKI","Weipu Chinese Periodical Service Platform" and "Full-text Database of Periodicals of the Late Qing Dynasty",relevant documents from 1900 to 1958 were consulted,and more than 300 documents of various periods were sorted,summarized and analyzed.Research results:1.In the late Qing Dynasty(1900-1911)in China,the germination of hygiene ideas began to appear,and the concept of hygiene began to gradually popularize in society,while the introduction of a new academic system and the establishment of a new school made the concept of school hygiene gradually begin to enlighten,and the reform of the school system at the end of the Qing Dynasty played a certain role in promoting the germination of student physical fitness measurement in China.The establishment of the new academic system and the popularization of the new school in the society provided a foundation for the practical implementation of the relevant system of student physical fitness measurement,and thus began the preliminary exploration of the concept and practice of student physical fitness measurement.2.During the Beiyang government period(1912-1927),on the basis of the germination of school hygiene thinking in the late Qing Dynasty,the understanding of school hygiene gradually deepened,and the preliminary theoretical cognition and practical guidance of students’ physical fitness measurement work were gradually formed,and the concept of students’ physical examination began to gradually take shape.3.During the period of the Nanjing National Government(1927-1949),a relatively complete system of measuring students’ physical fitness was established,including entrance examination,routine physical examination and corresponding evaluation standards,and there were perfect provisions on measurement indicators,measurement methods,statistics and recording methods.At the same time,a physical examination system for children has been established,paying more attention to children’s physical health,growth and development.In addition,during the war,the work of measuring students’ physical fitness was not interrupted,and it still existed in the rear areas(such as Chongqing and other places),and large-scale student physical fitness measurement work was also carried out from time to time.4.In the early days of the founding of New China(1949-1958),the focus of student physical fitness measurement shifted from monitoring students’ physical condition to improving the physical fitness of students and the masses,and the students’ physical fitness measurement indicators began to gradually evolve from excessive medical indicators to physical fitness indicators,and the corresponding standards of each index were established.Conclusion of the study:1.Since the end of the Qing Dynasty,China has begun to have the germination of student physical fitness measurement activities,and by the Republic of China period,a relatively complete student physical fitness measurement system has been formed.In the early days of New China,it evolved into exercise standards(physical fitness measurement)that met the situation of defending the country.2.In terms of system establishment,in the early Republic of China(1912-1927),the relevant policy system for student physical fitness measurement in the form of "separate administration" was initially established,and by the middle and late Republic of China(1927-1949),a relatively complete student physical fitness measurement system was gradually formed.By the early years of the founding of the People’s Republic of China(1949-1958),the establishment of a "top-down" unified system(that is,the labor and health system)was completed.3.In terms of index determination,through the introduction of Japanese students’ physical fitness measurement indicators,by the middle and late Republic of China(1927-1949),a physical fitness measurement index method suitable for the actual situation of local students was established.In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China(1949-1958),it evolved into a physical fitness measurement index that conformed to the situation of defending the country at that time.4.In terms of evaluation standards,it was not until the 32 nd year of the Republic of China(1943)that the official student physical evaluation standard system formulated by the government appeared.In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China(1949-1958),it evolved into a physical exercise standard on the basis of adapting to the national conditions and the physical reality of students at that time.