A Study Of Pronouns In Henan Qinyang Dialect

Qinyang(沁阳)is located in the northwestern part of Henan Province,bordering Jincheng(晋城)City in Shanxi Province to the north.The Chinese Language Atlas(2nd Edition)Chinese Dialects Volume classifies it as a small piece of the Huoji(获济)sub-piece of the Jin(晋)language Handxin(邯新)piece.In this study,the basic usage of Personal pronouns,Demonstrative pronouns and Interrogative pronouns in the Qinyang dialect is analyzed and described in detail,and the main characteristics of each type of pronouns are summarized by combining field surveys and systematic statistical results,using phonology,semantics and pragmatics.At the same time,the special postpositional components of pronouns are explored in depth from both the common and the epochal perspectives,in the hope of establishing a relatively complete pronoun system in the Qinyang dialect and also contributing to the study of pronouns in the Huoji sub-piece of the Jin language Handxin piece.This study is divided into five main sections.Introduction.A brief overview of geography,history and humanity of Qinyang area,as well as the affiliation of the Qinyang dialect,the inherent differences of the five dialectal communities and the vocal-phonetic system;The research results of previous sages on dialect pronouns,an overview of the research on dialect pronouns in the Jin language Hanxin piece and Qinyang dialect;the purpose and significance of this study,ideas and methods,as well as the sources of the corpus,the situation of pronunciation collaborators and example description.Chapter 2,Personal Pronouns.Analyze and describe the semantic features and grammatical functions of the triple pronouns,the General Pronouns "xuai·m?n(伙儿们)”and its singular "xuai(伙儿)”and "lao·xuai(老伙儿)”,the Participle Pronouns "k?(?)(各)”and "k?(?)?n(各人)",and the Personal Pronouns "ts(?)i(自己)" and "k?(?)?n(旁人)”,and the sorts of Alternative Pronouns "z(?)(□[(?)513])”respectively.The basic structure of the personal pronoun collaterals and the chain of controllability sequences they follow are summarized,followed by the characteristics of the personal pronouns in the Qingyang dialect.Chapter 3,Demonstrative pronouns.This chapter shows the Demonstrative pronouns of ten groups of "tsε(这)" and "nε(那)" in the Qinyang dialect,and the various forms of pronouns in the dialect.On this basis,the epithet features and grammatical functions of the Demonstrative pronouns in Qinyang dialect are comprehensively and carefully depicted,and finally the characteristics of the Demonstrative pronouns in Qinyang dialect are summarized.Chapter 4,Interrogative pronouns.A brief description of the more prominent forms of Interrogative pronouns in Qinyang dialect,such as Combined pronunciation and erhua,is given,and the characteristics of Interrogative pronouns in Qinyang dialect are summarized through an exhaustive and factual analysis of the denotative features,grammatical functions and four non-questioning uses of various types of Interrogative pronouns.Chapter 5,A study of the postpositional components of characteristic pronouns in the Qinyang dialect.We analyze and discuss the pronoun suffixes in Qinyang dialect,which are rich in local characteristics,from the perspectives of co-occurrence and chronology,focusing on the horizontal comparison of the personal pronoun plural suffixes "m?n(们)" and "k?(?)(个)" with Jin languages in other regions and the vertical comparison with modern Chinese,and present our opinions on this basis.In addition,the emphasis is on the summary,From "Duo zao wan(多早晚)" in modern Chinese to the"tuo tan(多2旦=)" speech evolution process used by people in this area today.