A Study On The Evolution Of Political System In The Early Republic Of China (1912-1916)

After the Qing emperor abdicated,the traditional system of China basically collapsed,and the new system was difficult to stabilize and take shape for a long time.In particular,the political system was always in disorder during the four years of the early Republic of China,which successively produced the presidential republic system,cabinet republic system,lifetime presidential system,constitutional monarchy(Hongxian monarchy).At the beginning of the republic of China,Yuan Shih-kai was the number one national figure,so the change of the political system in the early Republic of China was closely related to Yuan’s personal will and choice.Yuan Shih-kai’s choice of political system was largely determined by the state and society under his rule as well as his personal ruling situation.Obviously,the social situation of the country in the early four years of the Republic of China was extremely bad.Yuan Shih-kai’s personal rule was hardly successful;Whether standing at the height of national society,or from the perspective of Yuan Shih-kai’s personal authority and rule,Yuan Shih-kai’s rule from 1912 to 1916 was in a dilemma.In the difficult situation,Yuan Shih-kai continued to reform the political system and tried to get out of the predicament.From the angle of Yuan Shih-kai’s ruling dilemma,this paper attempts to examine the historical logic of the evolution of political system in the early Republic of China,the consideration of Yuan Shih-kai’s choice of each political system,and the internal relationship between different system choices and their ruling dilemma.Finally,through the reflection of the deep reasons for the successive failures of the political system in the early Republic of China,and combined with the relevant theories of political system and the national conditions of the early Republic of China,the political system suitable for the early Republic of China could be discovered.As the concept of political system in the early Republic of China is vague,the introduction part of this paper sorts out and compares relevant concepts,and defines the core concept of political system,and on this basis,summarizes the situation of the change of political system in the early Republic of China.The change of the political system at the beginning of the Republic of China has objective inevitability as well as subjective contingency.Macroscopically speaking,the democratic republic is the beginning of the political system in the early republic of China.The analysis of the democratic republic mainly focuses on the political environment of the establishment of the republic and the role of Yuan Shikai’s personal choice in the process of the establishment of the system.The democratic republic can be subdivided into presidential republic and cabinet republic.Yuan shikai’s cognitive error of presidential republic and cabinet republic is the key factor for him to abandon democratic republic from accepting democratic republic.The collapse of the democratic republic system was a complete collapse including the cabinet system,the party system and the parliamentary system.After abandoning the republic system,Yuan Shikai designed the hereditary presidential system and the Hongxian monarchy,but they were defeated one after another.Including countries due to the change of the political system in the early days of logic rule and social governance,authority and democratic political connotation,finally,the paper use of contemporary political theory and western political system change instance of the political system in the early evolution logic,and reflection on the evolvement of the political system of the pros and cons and evolvement of the political system and reasonable choice.