American Cognitive Research From The Perspective Of "Eastern Magazine" (1904-1948

The Eastern Miscellany was founded in 1904 and ceased publication in 1948.It was a flagship publication of the Commercial Press and the earliest,most popular,and longest-running private comprehensive commercial periodical during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.During its 44 years of publication,it released 44 volumes and 819 issues,spanning the rule of the Qing government,the Beiyang government,and the Nanjing government.This article integrates the text of the The Eastern Miscellany reports on the United States,conducts data statistics and text analysis,and delves into the changing cognitive image of the United States in the magazine during different periods.Thus,it sheds light on the mainstream Chinese public opinion’s cognitive image and changes towards the United States at that time,exploring the cognitive characteristics of the United States.The study shows that during the late Qing government period,the magazine’s cognitive image of the United States was "contradictory," with the United States appearing as both a "civilized" and "barbaric" nation.During the Beiyang government period,the magazine’s cognitive image of the United States tended to be positive,viewing it as "the most beautiful of imperialists." During the Nanjing government period,as China’s national situation deteriorated,the magazine hoped that the United States would help China and become a "savior" to change China’s situation.In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,the Chinese people’s cognitive image of the United States tended to be diverse,with a cognitive inclination towards positive characteristics.Taking history as a mirror can help us understand the rise and fall.This study can provide insights for the current development of Sino-US relations and provide a historical dimension for the study of Sino-US relations in the Republican era.