Research On The Music Culture Of The Local Opera In Nama Village, Liuzh

Dixi is a folk drama mainly popular in Anshun,Guizhou Province.The theme of the performance is the story of the wars of one dynasty and one generation.The performance features wearing wooden masks in front of the forehead to play different historical figures.Singing in the local dialect,accompanied by a gong and a drum.This paper takes Heili Break through Five Checkpoints as the research object in Nama Village,Liupanshui City,Guizhou Province.Nama Village used to be an administrative village composed of Han,Yi and other ethnic groups.Today,the majority of residents in the village are Han,with only a few ethnic minorities.Heili Break through Five Checkpoints is a play in the middle of Ming Dynasty,and the last play book among 35 local plays in Guizhou Province.Due to the closed village environment,Nama village’s Dixi was hidden deep in the mountains for a long time and was not discovered by experts until more than ten years ago.Based on the performance record and oral history of the Dixi team and local villagers,the author uses field investigation,musical form analysis,cultural interpretation and other research methods,aiming at a relatively comprehensive study and elaboration of the musical culture of the Dixi of Nama village.Through the investigation and research of the author,it is found that Nama village’s Dixi was introduced from Anshun area,with a history of more than 200 years.It has experienced four stages of prosperity,silence,revival and decline.Today,Nama village’Dixi is still performed during the Spring Festival every year,with a set of fixed performance procedures.According to its different functions,the performance of Dixi in Nama village can be divided into ritual and formal opera.The ritual has a clear sacrificial function,while the main function of the formal opera is entertainment.The tone of the opera performance is mainly seven-character and ten-character singing,with a lot of telling.The gongs and drums are usually not performed at the same time with the voice singing,which plays the role of rendering the specific plot atmosphere and connecting the voice.From the perspective of belief system,the worship of ancestors and gods is contained in the Dixi of Nama village,which is also an important reason for the survival and development of Dixi in Nama village.Of course,it also has a close relationship with the function of sacrifice,education and entertainment.