Effects Of Cognitive Load、Time Stress And Episodic Future Thinking On Prospective Memory And Its Two Components

Prospective memory(PM)refers to the memory of the planned things or activities in the right time or context of future.Prospective memory contain prospective components and retrospective components.The former is the future intention,which related to the monitoring and identification of the target cues.The latter is recalling and extracting the content of future intentions.At present,there were few researchers to explore the cognitive load from different sources which may affect the the prospective memory and its components.At the same time,the influence of the two components of the prospective memory was still unconventional.Research showed that episodic future thinking strategies could effectively improve prospective memory scores.Then episodic future thinking strategies affected the prospective memory score of different source cognitive loads under high time stress? Which affects the prospective memory performance?In this study,the four experiments explored the time stress and prospective load,time stress and retrospective load,the episodic future thinking strategy and prospective load under high time stress,the episodic future thinking strategy and retrospective load under high time stress on prospective memory and its components.At the same time,the impact mechanism of prospective memory is also explored,which in turn provides an effective strategy for improving individual prospective memory performance.Experiment 1 used 2(prospective load: high,low)× 2(time stress: high,low)mixed experimental design to explore the effects of prospective load and time stress on prospective memory and its components and found:(1)The accuracy of prospective memory was significantly higher than that of the high prospective load,mainly reflected in the low prospective load conditions,and the test was easier to successfully identify prospect memory clues;(2)Time stress affected prospective memory.The accuracy of low-time stress conditions was longer,mainly reflects that the trial was more easily identified for prospective memory clues under low-time stress conditions;(3)There was a interaction between prospective load and time stress on the retrospective components,in low-time stress conditions,the accuracy of high and low prospective load was not significant,and the accuracy was longer when the high-time stress is lower.Experiment 2used 2(retrospective load: High,low)× 2(time stress: high,low)mixed experimental design to explore the influence of retrospective load and time stress on prospective memory and its components,and found:(1)The accuracy of the test was shorter,mainly reflected the extraction of the recognition and retractable component of the prospective component;(2)Time stress affected the prospective memory performance,the accuracy of the trial under time stress was longer,mainly reflected the extraction of the identification of prospective components in low-time stress conditions.(3)There was a interaction between retrospective load and time stress on the retrospective components.Under the condition of low time stress,the difference of response time difference between high and low retrospective load was small,and under the condition of high time stress,the difference of response time difference between high and low retrospective load was large.In experiment 3,we manipulated the existence of episodic future thinking to study the effects of strategic conditions and non-strategic conditions on prospective memory and its components both in high and low prospective load.We found that:(1)Both in the episodic future thinking condition and non-episodic future thinking condition,the accuracy of prospective memory was higher under the condition of low prospective load,which was mainly reflected in the significantly higher accuracy of prospective component recognition under the condition of low prospective load;(2)The response time of prospective memory which was in the episodic future thinking condition and low prospective load condition was significantly shorter than that in high prospective load condition.Which was mainly reflected in the shorter response time of prospective component recognition under low prospective load condition.The prospective memory response time which was in high and low prospective load without episodic future thinking strategy was no difference.In experiment 4,we manipulated the existence of episodic future thinking to study the effects of strategic conditions and non-strategic conditions on prospective memory and its components both in high and low retrospective load.We found that:(1)In the episodic future thinking condition,the accuracy of prospective memory and retrospective component under the condition of low retrospective load was higher than that under the condition of high retrospective load.And there was no difference in the accuracy of prospective component recognition.The accuracy of prospective memory which was in high and low retrospective load without episodic future thinking strategy was no difference.But the accuracy of retrospective components of prospective memory under low retrospective load without strategy was higher than that under high retrospective load;(2)Both in the episodic future thinking condition and non episodic future thinking condition,the response time of prospective memory and its two components under low retrospective load condition was significantly shorter than that under high retrospective load condition.In four experiments,the conclusions were that:(1)Prospective load,retrospective load and time stress affected the prospective memory and its two components.The accuracy of prospective memory under low load and low time stress was higher.In high time stress condition,the accuracy of retrospective components which was in low prospective load was higher than high prospective load.And in low time stress,they had no difference.(2)Episodic future thinking strategy affected prospective memory performance,mainly reflecting the use of episodic future thinking strategies to improve the performance of prospective memory in low prospective load condition and low retrospective load condition which was in high time stress condition.