Trusteeship Organization Of Ryukyu Island Under The U.S.,1950-1972

In June 1945,after the battle of Okinawa,the U.S.army obtained administrative,legislative and judicial powers over the Ryukyu Islands from the Japanese government through the issuance of the U.S.Naval Military Government Proclamation No.1.After that,the U.S.Military established the Ryukyu occupation system with the U.S.Army military government as the core in Ryukyu Islands.In October 1949,after the U.S.government formally established its policy of long-term control over the Ryukyu Islands,the U.S.established United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands on December 15,1950.In the post-war history of Ryukyu,the period from June 1945 to December 1950 was called the U.S.military occupation period.On September 8,1951,the Anti-fascist Allies led by the United States and Japan signed the San Francisco Treaty of Peace with Japan,under which the United States formally took over the Ryukyu Islands south of the 29 th parallel of north Latitude.After the formal trusteeship of Ryukyu Islands by the United States,the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands during the occupation period was transformed into the superior institution of Ryukyu by the United States.On April 1,1952,the United States established a trust government in the Ryukyu Islands composed of local residents of Ryukyu,the Government of the Ryukyu Islands.Thus,a dual government system was formed in the Ryukyu Islands,in which the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands and the Government of the Ryukyu Islands co-existed on the surface.So far,the U.S.has established the Ryukyu Islands trusteeship rule of the basic form.The dual trusteeship organization of the U.S.in Ryukyu Islands has strong military and colonial characteristics.On the surface,the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands and the Government of the Ryukyu Islands are parallel,but in fact,the US Ryukyu civil government still holds the absolute control over the Ryukyu Islands.The United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands legislation for the Government of the Ryukyu Islands has "the legislative veto",the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands for the Government of the Ryukyu Islands special position civil servants has "appointment power" in particular,the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands to Ryukyu people or citizens of the U.S.is a matter of The U.S.Military judicial has "jurisdiction",the so-called "handed over to the judicial power.The Ryukyu government must indiscriminately carry out all kinds of Proclamation,Ordinance and Directive issued by the previous the U.S.Military junta and even the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands.The United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands granted "autonomy" and "democracy" to the Ryukyu government and cities,towns and villages in Ryukyu.Once the US violated its objective of "absolute control" over the Ryukyu Islands,the U.S.ryukyu civilian government immediately exercised "legislative veto","special appointment power" and "judicial jurisdiction".The dual trusteeship organization set up by the United States in Ryukyu Islands essentially serves the U.S.Military bases in Ryukyu Islands.The primary task of the trusteeship organization is to maintain and safeguard the functions of the U.S.Military bases in Ryukyu Islands,so the trusteeship rule inevitably with a military color.The United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands,as the superior institution of trusteeship and governance of Ryukyu,can directly intervene in the legislation,administration and judicature of Government of the Ryukyu Islands,and has a supreme position in Ryukyu Islands,.The trusteeship organization of the Ryukyu Islands has a strong nature of colonial administration.Meanwhile,the trusteeship of Ryukyu is also responsible for the social,economic and cultural management of Ryukyu Islands,regulating various social conflicts in Ryukyu,and maintaining the social order and daily operation of Ryukyu Islands.The U.S.Ryukyu trusteeship organization is not immutable,and it has been constantly adjusting and changing with the American Far East strategy,U.S.-Japan relations and U.S.-Ryukyu relations.For example,in June 1957,the United States established the High Commissioner of the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands,and the United States expanded the "autonomy" of the Government of the Ryukyu Islands before the "administrative power" of Ryukyu Islands was returned to Japan.However,these changes failed to fundamentally change the military and colonial characteristics of the trusteeship organization of Ryukyu Islands.On June 17,1971,the U.S.and Japan signed the Okinawa Reversion Agreement.The U.S.agreed to return administrative power in Ryukyu Islands to Japan,and on May 15,1972,the United States formally returned administrative power in Okinawa to Japan.