| This paper takes Hainan Min dialect in Wengtian Town,Wenchang City,Hainan Province as the research object,and uses the methods of experimental phonetics and statistical analysis to conduct experimental measurement and analysis of its singlesyllable tones,double-syllable tones,and single,double,and triple vowels.On the basis of the experimental results,gender and age differences and specific historical issues are explored.The single-character tone experiment has determined that the tones of Wenchang(Wengtian)Min dialect are Yinping 24,Yangping 22,Shangsheng 21,Yinqu 15,Yangqu 331,Gaoqu 452,Yinru 45,and Yangru 33.It is found that Yangqu has a longer front flat section,and Gaoqu has a tortuous feature;the tortuousness of the tone is related to the age of the speaker and the degree of exposure to Mandarin.In terms of duration,the duration of Gaoqu tone is significantly different from other Shu tones.The factors of old age and male will increase the absolute duration.The Yinqu and Gaoqu of the young speakers are relatively longer,which may be influenced by Mandarin.The two-character tone experiment measured the tone value and tone performance of each tone character in the two-character group of each speaker in the front and back characters.The tones of Yinping,Shangsheng,and Yinqu which are at the front of the two-character group are quite different from their single-character tone patterns.The Yin tones at the front characters in the two-character group are all expressed as rising tones to varying degrees,and the Yang tones are all expressed as falling tones to varying degrees.There are three situations of high Shangsheng,second highest Shangsheng,and low Shangsheng.The high Shangsheng is the normal sandhi performance of Shangsheng,the second highest Shangsheng are produced when there are Gaoqu and Yinru character at the back of the two-character group;the low Shangsheng are produced by the influence of the Min dialect in Haifu.The back character Yinqu has been mainly pronounced as a full-rising tone,and this variation is mainly related to the level of education.The back characters Yinping and Yinqu are concave to varying degrees.The main tone sources from the middle Chinese of the Gaoqu tone in Wenchang Min dialect are Qu Sheng,Qing Ru and the Zhuo Shang which merged into Qu Sheng.After the Yinru characters with glottal stops lost them,these high-toned characters contributed to the absorption of modern standard Chinese Qusheng characters,creating a basic pattern of high-toned tones.Afterwards,the function of high-toned tones was expanded to absorb foreign words,and this function was performed together with characters that were not from Qing Ru of middle Chinese but also pronounced as hightoned Yinru.Later,it also derived the function of assuming a specific meaning.The single,double and triple vowel experiments measured the finals of each speaker composed only of vowels.Wenchang Min dialect shows a relatively stable fivevowel pattern of a,i,u,e,o,but the tongue position of e and o is relatively low.The e and o of male speakers are lower than those of female speakers,and tend to be[E]([e])and[o].The e and o of the young speakers are significantly lower than those of the old and middle-aged speakers,falling in the middle position.The actual sound values of ua,ue,ai,au,ou are[oA],[uE],[Ae],[Ao],and[ou].The tongue positions of o in io and e in ue decrease from the elderly group to the youth group.The actual sound value of iau is[(?)?]or[(?)o],and the actual sound value of uai is[oAe].The tongue positions of the three vowels of uai of the young speakers are obviously lower than those of the other two groups. |
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