Comparative Survey Of "Field Laws" And Related Issues Of Farmland Management In The Qin And Early Han Dynasties

In ancient times,hunting and agriculture were closely related."Tian" had both hunting and farming meanings,and "Law" meant the rules and regulations that regulated the world.The meaning of "field laws" in the bamboo slips of the Qin and Han dynasties refers to regulations related to agricultural production,which are essentially unrelated to hunting.The main content includes three aspects: agriculture,forestry,and animal husbandry,including land system,farmland management,agricultural production,field tax payment,and ecological protection.The issue of category changes in the "Tian Law" legal texts that appeared simultaneously in "Tian Law" and "Xing Shu Law" is closely related to the grain and grass supply responsibilities of Tian officials and postal personnel under the postal and food transmission systems during the Qin and Han dynasties.The changes in punishment in the "Tian Law" law reflect the refinement of punishment methods and the varying degrees of severity,reflecting the transition from extravagance to fines from the Qin Dynasty to the early Han Dynasty,and the process of the transformation of tsingling punishment from the Qin Dynasty to the early Han Dynasty.This article compares and analyzes the laws and regulations of the Qin slips in the Sleeping Tiger Land,the Qin slips in the Yuelu Academy,and the Han slips in Zhangjiashan,and interprets the words "Qi","Cui","Jingmo",and "Jijing".Combined with the background of the Qin and Han dynasties,it also interprets "farmhouse" and "liquor".Regarding the issue of "chu" in farmland management from the Qin Dynasty to the early Han Dynasty,the nature of "chu" should be land rent,which is included in the land tax.By studying the relationship between Chu and other taxes,it can be concluded that household tax is a historical form of Chu tax.Grain such as Chu and Su Shu are both included in the grain tax.The similarities between the two are that they are both a fixed tax levied on a unit of hectares and transported as important military supplies to counties,with differences in storage methods and supply targets.The payment methods of ruminant goods are divided into physical payment and monetary payment.The content of physical payment is ruminant goods and ruminant goods,and there is a discount system within ruminant goods and ruminant goods.The amount of money converted per square meter of land included in the payment method is as follows: for each square meter of land requisitioned by Qin,the amount of money converted per square meter of land is 60 yuan;In the Western Han Dynasty,a fee of 55 yuan was collected for every square meter of the draft,while two stones were collected for every square meter of the draft due to the "evil land in the upper county".Based on the handed down literature and bamboo slips such as the Book of Rites and the Moon Order,this paper sorts out the land management affairs in chronological order from the Qin Dynasty to the early Han Dynasty,starting from October.During the period from Qin to early Han,the main tasks of land management during the year were to repair land boundaries,roads,and water conservancy facilities,as well as to assist in agricultural planting,animal husbandry,and ecological protection.Among them,the tasks involved in repairing land boundaries,roads,and water conservancy facilities included two categories: "repairing embankments,rectifying paths,and ending dangerous obstacles" and "repairing embankments,clearing ditches,and clearing bridges".The tasks involved in assisting agricultural planting included "teaching agricultural planting" and "killing weeds",There are two types of affairs in animal husbandry and ecological protection: "restricting people’s logging and hunting activities" and "agricultural harvesting and hunting".