| With the implementation of the sustainable development strategy and the notion of ecological civilization,environmental regulations have become a new kind of factor affecting the layout of enterprises.The impact of environmental regulation policies for pollution prevention and control on enterprise layout has been extensively explored by previous research,while there still is lots of bank about the impact of ecological protection based environmental regulation policies on the evolution of enterprise layout as the theme of environmental regulation policy gradually evolves from the " pollution prevention and control" to the " ecological civilization" in China.In this paper,a typical base of wood production——the Northeast China is taken as a case to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of wood-processing enterprise distribution since the implement of natural forest protection project(NFPP),and compare the development characteristics of wood-processing industry during the different periods of NFPP.In addition,the negative binomial regression model is adopted to identify factors influencing of layout of wood-processing enterprise.The evolution of enterprise layout and driving mechanism have been improved under different environmental regulatory policies in theory,and scientific reference for layout optimization of wood-processing enterprises in Northeast China has been provided in practice.This paper is mainly divided into three parts.The first part contains chapters 1and 2.It describes the background,significance,content,and innovation of the thesis;introducing the domestic and international research progress on the spatial distribution and influencing factors of wood processing enterprises,the influence of environmental regulation on enterprise layout,and the influence of NFPP on wood processing industry;sorting out the basic concepts of environmental regulation,enterprise layout,and wood processing industry and the basic theories of environmental regulation,location theory,new economic.Furthermore,it proposes an analytical framework and technical roadmap for studying the evolution of wood processing enterprise layout and influencing factors in the Northeast region since the implementation of NFPP.The second part consists of chapters 3 and 4,which mainly clarifies the development of wood processing industry and the evolution of enterprise layout in Northeast China since the implementation of NFPP,and reveal the uniqueness of enterprise layout evolution in the context of ecological protection-oriented environmental regulation policies.The results show that: NFPP can be divided into three stages: reducing the cutting amount of natural forest,conducting logging prohibition pilot projects,and comprehensively stopping commercial logging of natural forests.The impact of NFPP began to manifest after the comprehensive logging ban pilot,and the wood furniture industry with higher processing level and added value was relatively less affected and impacted,gradually becoming a hot industry for enterprise investment.Affected by the sharp decline in local supply of timber in Northeast China and fluctuations in the international raw material market,wood-processing enterprises were facing lots of difficulties.Such as reduced economic benefits,increased operational risk,large number of exiting enterprises,difficulties in transformation and upgrading,outstanding livelihood issues for residents.The layout trend of wood processing enterprises in Northeast China has undergone a phased evolution process of “three main and four deputy”-“one main and three deputy”-“one main and four deputy”.The new wood-processing enterprises in the Harbin-Dalian urban agglomeration and the Qiqihar-Harbin-Suifenhe railway line area show a trend of concentrated and contiguous distribution,and provincial capital cities and surrounding areas were gradually becoming hotspots for the layout of new-wood processing enterprises;the layout heat of new enterprises in traditional forest areas such as Changbai Mountain and the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains has obviously decreased.In contrast,a few border port cities have become new hotspots for layout,but they have not yet formed a stable and lasting attraction to new enterprises.The layout trend of new enterprises in different sub-industries was different.Among them,sawn timber and wood chip enterprises with low processing degree and added value tend to gather in central cities,but there was still a certain attraction to the above enterprises in traditional forest areas.The transfer trend of newborn wood-processing enterprises also was similar with them,but the layout heat of new wood product enterprises in traditional forest areas has obviously weakened.Wood furniture enterprises with high processing degree and product added value have relatively small changes in spatial layout and always show a preference for layout near consumption areas.Comparatively speaking,the spatial layout of relatively low-end wood processing industry enterprises changes more dramatically under the background of natural forest protection.It is totally different from the phenomenon that enterprises transfer to underdeveloped areas,coastal areas,and areas with low environmental regulation under the background of pollution prevention and control environmental regulation.This is related to the difference of spatial evolution trend in the two types of environmental regulation policy action gradient,that the original enterprise agglomeration area layout advantage has not been completely lost,the poor development status of the border port cities in the regulated areas,and the low environmental regulation areas without the advantages of production cost and industrial foundation.There were significant differences in the influencing factors of the layout of new wood-processing enterprises in different stages.With the implementation of NFPP,the strength and direction of the role of some influencing factors of the layout of wood processing enterprises have changed significantly,such as the abundance of wood resources,transportation conditions,industrial foundation,and degree of marketization,etc.In addition,the main factors affecting the layout of wood processing enterprises have gradually changed,and manifested in the weakening of the hard constraints of traditional economic geography elements such as resource endowment and location conditions,and the growth of the dependence of the layout of wood processing enterprises on soft environments such as innovation drive,environmental regulation intensity,and degree of marketization.There were differences in the influencing factors of the layout of new wood processing enterprises in different sub-industries.Among them,the sawn timber and wood chip industry were more sensitive to labor costs and degree of marketization,and the artificial board enterprises were relatively less constrained by the abundance of wood resources and the implementation of NFPP,and the layout of wood product enterprises was most significantly affected by the intensity of environmental regulation implementation.The wood furniture industry was relatively less affected by policy regulation and always shows the characteristics of significant influence of market demand.In addition,factors such as the degree of knowledge spillover and development zone policies currently were significantly different in their impact on the layout of various sub-industries of wood processing enterprises.Building upon this framework,the paper presents strategic recommendations for the development of wood processing enterprises in the Northeast China.These recommendations encompass six key areas:increasing import subsidies at ports,accelerating upgrading in development zones,guiding the rational layout of low-end enterprises,accelerating technological advancements in the wood processing industry,and fully capitalizing on the opportunities arising from the revitalization of Northeast China and the development of Russia’s Far East. |
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