Hydrological Simulation Of Cold Zone In China

Based on the thoroughly analysis of the runoff formation characteristics in the cold zone and the roles of snow and frozen earth especially, the following phenomenon and processes are successful simulated, and a series results are obtained.1. Simulation of the variation of daily temperature based on some temperature index.2. Simulation of the water proportion for the precipitation composed by rain and snow;3. Evaluation of the water equivalent of snow;4. Simulation of the process of the freezing and melting ground;5. Simulation of the water movement in the earth during freezing season;6. Calculation of the loss of runoff for the frozen ground during melting period;7. Simulation of the variation of the evapotranspiration in a year. Therefore a physics-based conceptual model for forecasting in the cold zone ofChina is established, and the effectiveness of the model has been proved by practical operation in three basins of Dunhua, Changding and Hengdaohezi.Finally, for the purpose to popularize the presented model, a software system is completed and some new ideas are created in the system such as the interface design, selection of methods, option and integration of the procedures and so on. The system has been working very well in several basins in the North-east of China.