Nanometer Scale　Mineralogy And Geochemistry Of Palygorskite Clays In The Border Of Jiangsu And Anhui Provinces

The objectives of the thesis are that open out the formation mechanism and process of palygorskite as well as relation with basalts, understand physical and chemical properties of palygorskite and changes of physical and chemical properties because of processing, discuss and study potential utilization as nanometer materials and environmental materials and processing technology, investigate nanometer particles in environment, mineral crystallization in earth surface condition, forming process nanometer minerals, phenomena of mesoporous materials, geochemistry and interface chemistry of mesoporous materials.Characteristics and change disciplinarian of morphology, crystal structure, chemical composition of palygorskite and heat or acid treatment palygorskite from nanometer scale, ultra-micro structure of the minerals in the palygorskite clays are investigated using high resolution transmission electron microscopy as main method. Using TEM combining with Optic microscopy, XRD, SEM, ICP-MS and XRF, palygorskite mineralogy, palygorskite clay genesis mineralogy, applied mineralogy as well as geochemistry have been investigated in the thesis.From the nanometer investigation it has been found that palygorskite paralleling (001) of montmorillonite is transformed from montmorillonite and caused the destruction of montomrillonite crystal; oscillation of rich opal-A and rich opal-CT layer in several centimeters is concerned with period change of paleoclimate; dolomite in playgorskite clays is nanometer. Ultra-micro structure of dolomite is investigated, we put forward that interface chemistry and geochemistry in nanometer hole should affect on the dolomization.From the trace element and isotope geochemistry, the relationship between the palygorskite and basalt as well as process of formation of palygorskite has been understood. Two mechanisms of formation of palygorskite aer put forward and mark characteristics of morphology and composition, structure is provided. The stable isotope of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon are reinterpreted. The relationship between isotope constituent and paleoenvironment is understood.From the results of nanometer investigation, It is proposed that palygorskite is natural one dimension nanometer material and is found that palygorksite crystal behave elasticity. Adsorption to organic molecules, including N2 belongs to outer surface adsorption. Excellent properties of adsorption and colloid of palygorskite are determined by its nanometer scale effect and large specific surface area, rather than its channel surface. Pure palygorskite has been separated, BET-N2 specific surface area are 205m2/g and 108 m2/g for sedimentary and hydrothermal respectively. Cation exchange capability is llmeq/g and sum of adsorption water is 30% near saturation humidity for sedimentary pure palygorskite. It is studied about interaction between palygorskite and montmorillonite in aqueous suspension, discussed the signification of the interaction for materials science. We investigated products and changes of morphology, structure, composition, physical and chemical properties during acid and heat treatment of the sedimentary and hydrothermal palygorskite. Nanometer composite catalysis and anti-bacteria materials of palygorskite-Au, palygorskite-Ag, palygorskite-TiO2 and palygorskite-NiO have been prepared and characterized. Nanometer rod active SiO2 has been prepared, best technological parameter has been obtained. Layer double hydroxide has been synthesis from wastewater of acid treatment of palygorskite clay.