The Foundation Of The Clone Of Marine Alga

According to the form of alga and the type of ontogenesis, explants of the species from pseudomembranous, membranous and coenocytic alga, were cultured under the under unialgal conditions without exogenous hormone comparatively. On the basis of study on the conditions and pathways of expression of cell totipotency, totipotent cells were inquired to found the clone of marine macroalga.Fifty species from eight orders were studied on the ontogenesis, tissue structures, life history and systematic development. It was founded that macroalga cells exhibited multi-pathways of developments, which suggest that " callus-like was not callus, but the expression of the totipotency of cells.1) Somatic cells from Grateloupiafilicina, Chondrus ocellatus and Gloiopeltis furcata, belonging to discal type of pseudomembranous alga, exhibited similar regeneration pathway. That was that somatic cells differentiated into filaments; that developed into spherical crusts in suspension culture, and developed into disc crusts when they touched to the substrata; both spherical crusts and disc crusts produced new thalli.2) Somatic cells from Ceramium kondoi and Phycodrys radicosa, belonging to erect type of pseudomembranous alga, exhibited two regeneration pathways. In the first pathway, somatic cells translated into meristematic cells that developed into normal thalli. In the second one, somatic cells dedifferentiated into filaments; that that combined into new thalli in suspension culture, and developed into rhizoids when they touched to the substrata.3) Somatic cells from Polysiphonia urceolata, belonging to discal erect type of pseudomembranous alga, exhibited two regeneration pathways. In the first pathway, somatic cells translated into meristematic cells that developed into normal thalli. In the second one, somatic cells dedifferentiated into filaments that developed into discal rhizoids.4) Somatic cells from Ulva pertusa, Enteromorpha linza and E. compressa .belong to the simple membranous alga, exhibited three regenerationpathways. In the first pathway, somatic cells turned into protoplasts that differentiated into fronds. In the second pathway, somatic cells developed into motile or immobile cells that germinated into normal thalli. In the pathway three, somatic divided in vivo into saccate thalli.5) Somatic cells from E. intestinalis, belong to the simple membranous alga, exhibited two regeneration pathways that was similar to the former two ones from Ulva pertusa.6) Somatic cells from Porphyra yezoensis , belong to the simple membranous alga, exhibited two regeneration pathways. Four regeneration pathways were showed by the somatic cells from Rhodophyta. In the pathway one, somatic cells translated into spores that developed into normal thalli. In the second pathway, somatic cells divided into cell clumps that turn into spores and germinated into normal fronds.7) Somatic cells from Dictopteris divarica , belong to the simple membranous alga, exhibited one regeneration pathway. Somatic cells turned into protoplasts that differentiated into fronds.8)Somatic cells from Laminaria ochotensis, belong to the complicated membranous alga, exhibited one regeneration pathway. Somatic cells divided into filaments that differentiated further into male or female gametophytes.9) Somatic cells from Bryopsis corticulans and Codium fragile both regenerated into filamentous thalli with few or no branches.2. Certain means could be adopted to clone the marine alga according the form of alga body. In first type, for species with heteromorphic alternation generation, filamentous generation could be cultured for the clone, hi second type, for species of parenchyma belonging to isomorphic alternation generation, the simple foliar thalli or the buds from the regenerated fronds could be cultured for seed stock. In type three, for kinds with disc crusts, the filaments or discs could be utilized for the clone. For species of pseudoparenchyma belonging to erect type, fragments or filaments could be incubated f...