On The Error Of Hydrologic Survey

The Revealing of hydrology phenomena discipline mainly depends on survey of hydrology. But the exist of hydrologic survey error yields pseud information, which may confuses understanding of hydrology phenomena, blocks the revealing of hydrology phenomena discipline, even leads to false conclusion. In order to get credible survey results, we must study the error and its elimination of hydrologic survey error. Furthermore, the survey error may leads to the contradiction of survey results, especially in Yellow River, and infects the proper use of survey results and decision-making badly. Therefore, we should not only study the generation, propagation and control of hydrologic survey error, but also the theory and method of elimination of contradiction of hydrologic survey results.Based on discussion of hydrologic survey error, this paper makes a research on settlement theory and method of hydrologic survey error using least squares combined with some key issues in the Yellow River hydrology. Based on comprehensive investigation and survey, it determines the scope of theory research and resolved individual engineering issues, then to conduct theory research and system analysis. Proceeding from actual problems involved in the Yellow River, combined with characters of hydrologic errors and relations between variables, this paper researches the theory and methods using least-squares method into individual processing of hydrologic observed data, set up a hydrologic error model based least-squares theory. According to error matching theory, combined with actual problems in research, the optimized mathematical model is established. Based on computing ways by theory models and error evaluating index, to compute using observed data chose from the Yellow River, combining the theory analysis, experimental research and problems in the actual survey, to validate the correctness of theory, researching methods and obtained conclusions. The following topics are included in the paper:Expatiating on the actual research state domestic and abroad of hydrologic survey errors. Introducing the classification, conception and notation of modern hydrology survey errors. Based on the propagation theory of errors, propagation relation and controlling measures of hydrologic survey errors of various hydrological factors are analyzed in this paper. Discussing the theory and processing ways of system errors and blunders. Putting forward a concept that variables with different characters should be treated individually in correlation analysis, double factor weighted regression model are given under the condition that both independent variable and dependent variable have errors. The issues of non-equilibrium in water and sedimentobservation on the Yellow River are discussed and the reasons are analyzed. This paper systematically discusses the application of least-squares method in water and sediment equilibrium, putting forward the error equations of parameters adjustment in river discharge, and discussing the theory and processing methods in discharge adjustment. The error equation and its solution of least-squares adjustment in the silting and scouring volume measured directly by cross-section method and sediment discharge difference method. According to actual problems involved in the Yellow River, weight issue is discussed preliminarily, which is followed by instance validation and analyzing computation of the research. Putting forward the optimized issues of high flood measuring schemes at hydrological stations under the condition of acute variation of flood fluctuation according to the theory of error matching. Based on the analysis of error classification, character and source of cross-section method, the error propagation between silting and scouring volume by cross-section method and its observation factors is studied. Combined with actual instances, this paper introduces the optimized method of observed cross-sections, calculates rational density of cross-sections on the lower reaches of Yellow River, which is the concrete problem in harnessing...