Study On Mode Of Artificial Recharge Of Groundwater In Shandong Province

This dissertation investigates the artificial ground water recharge mode in Shandong province under different water sources, hydrological conditions and engineering types. The ground water recharge area in Shandong province was firstly divided into three main zones and the characteristics of each zone were analyzed in details. Then, based on the characteristics of different zones, indoor physical experiments and field experiments were conducted, mathematic simulation model were developed, and parameters of these model were measured, calibrated and validated. Groundwater table fluctuations were simulated for different recharge mode, engineering type and groundwater pumping. Finally, suitable ground water recharge mode for different water sources and zones were investigated.In Chapter 1, the natural and economical conditions as well as the problems brought by too much ground water pumping in Shandong province were firstly introduced. Then a detailed review was carried out on artificial groundwater recharge and main contents of this dissertation were abstracted.In Chapter 2, based on the study area, Wanghe catchment in Laizhou city, the distribution mode, structure type and recharge effect of groundwater recharge barrage which suit for coastal area were proposed. Dynamic simulation model for surface-groundwater interactions was developed. This model was used to simulate the groundwater fluctuations under current as well as future social economical conditions while water resources condition keeps the same. This model combined recharge structure condition, social economic development and control sea water invasion, can be used for simulating annual flow into the sea, new recharge scenarios and optimal catchment water resources allocating and forecasting.In Chapter 3, firstly, the mode of high efficiency water resources exploitation and utilization in Huangshuihe catchment of Longkou city was summarized. This mode combines surface reservoir in the upstream, groundwater reservoir in the downstream and barrage in the medium. Then, based on the 5-year operation and management experiences and actual data, simulation model was developed for Huangshuihe Groundwater Reservoir (HGR). Based on the simulation results, a management mode of 4-dry-year after one wet year as well as emergency scenarios for cope with drought was evaluated. Finally, a real time operation system for HGR was developed based on GIS; it can provided support for decision maker.In Chapter 4, a mathematic groundwater flow model of Zhouping Underground Reservoir in the Lower Yellow River Basin was developed and Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to solve this model. This model was used to simulate the water supply capability, groundwater table fluctuations and the water resources utilization mode under different abstraction conditions. The influence of two main parameters, rainfall and evaporation, and seasonal variation of phreatic water table and weather conditions were taken into consideration in the model Based on the simulation results, reasonable exploitation and recharge scenarios were presented.In Chapter 5, (1) a physical experiment for prevention of sea water intrusion by fresh water purdah was conducted in laboratory, and relations of parameters, which represent the purdah change with time, were analyzed; (2) a mathematical model for prevention of sea water invasion by fresh water purdah was developed, and Finite Element Method (FEM) and Characteristic Curve were used to solve the model; (3) field experiments of ground water recharge were conducted in three different locations and suitable recharge modes for different locations were analyzed based on the experiment results; (4) based on ground water issues in Guangrao county, a two dimension unsteady model was established and AQUA3D was used to simulate the model. The model was calibrated and validated and then used to forecast the groundwater table fluctuations and the interfacial change of sea and fresh water and; (5) an optimal model for surface- groundwater interaction was established. Based on the model results, the optimum groundwater exploitation, surface water diversion, Yellow River water diversion and water saving as well as the optimum ground water table variation were investigated.In Chapter 6, based on historical data analysis, the impacts on Dawu aquifer of released water from Taihe Reservoir were investigated. The optimum recharge place, quantity, time were analyzed. Water balance method was used to evaluate the suitable groundwater exploitation of Dawu aquifer.In Chapter 7, the relation between the water resources change in south part of Jinan city and the water supply for spring protect was analyzed in details. Then ANN models for ground water table and outflow discharge of spring in Jinan city were developed. These models were used to predict the groundwater table and the outflow discharge under different exploitation under long term hydrological conditions, and suitable exploitation and outflow were presented. Finally, the environment and water contamination problem by over exploitation were analyzed and the relationship between the recharge in south part of Jinan city and the sustaining utilization of spring water in Jinan city were discussed.In Chapter 8, main contributions and results were summarized; some possible topics for further investigation were proposed.