Application Of The Linear Thermodynamics Of Non-equilibrium State To Atmospheric Turbulence

A series of important theoretical results of the turbulence intensity theorem and the cross coupling theorem of the dynamic process and thermal process of turbulent transport have been proved by using the linear thermodynamics of non-equilibrium state. The turbulence intensity theorem shows that the turbulent intensity is a function of both of the shears of velocity and temperature to open out the macroscopic mechanism causing turbulence. The cross coupling theorem between the vertical velocity and vertical turbulent transport takes for that the vertical heat (substance) turbulent transport flux is the sum of both the transport flux of vertical temperature gradient (concentration gradient of substance) and coupling transport flux of the vertical velocity. Moreover the traditional turbulent transport theory takes for that the vertical turbulent transport flux of any macroscopic quantity is equivalent to the transport flux of vertical gradient of relevant macroscopic quantity. The Monin-Obukhov's similarity theory is obtained under the hypothesis of homogeneous underlying surface to consider that the surface layer is a constant flux layer in which the mean vertical velocity equals to 0 forever. The cross coupling theorem of the dynamic process and thermal process of turbulent transport is a challenge for the traditional closure theory of the turbulence and Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, and offer a clue for the land process parameterization and the energy budget closure of ground surface.It is required to determine the idiographic function forms and their undetermined parameters in the above theoretical results in order to understand deeply and apply accurately them. The phenomenological coefficients of turbulent intensity and the cross coupling coefficient have to be determined by observation experiment just as determined the stability function and its parameters in Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. In addition, the validity of the above theoretical results must be validated by experiment.After comparing among many experimental data, we pick the observed data of turbulent experiment of the surface layer in Uppsala University in 1986 to verify the above theoretical results, because these data have been used time after time and their precision is the best. At last, the satisfied function forms of the phenomenological coefficients of turbulent intensity and the cross coupling coefficient are obtained. The results of research are as follows: 1) The similarity relations of turbulent intensity determined by observed data are respectively,under the condition of unstable stratification, under the stable stratification and～1.3 under the neutrality. The results show that thephenomenological coefficient of turbulent intensity is not only the function of the velocity shear but also of the atmospheric stratification stability.2) The similarity relation of turbulent intensity obtained by experiment in terms of the turbulence intensity theorem is consistent basically with the similarity relation of the velocity variance obtained by the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory with a mass of field experiment data. This means that facticity of the turbulence intensity theorem is validated by the observational facts. Furthermore, contrarily the results prove the Monin-Obukhov similarity relation by using the linear thermodynamics and offer a theoretical evidence for this relation.3) The cross coupling coefficient K_θW of vertical velocity is a logarithmic function of thevertical velocity and height, viz. ln and In . Moreover, K _θW varies indirect ratio to a logarithmic function of height and a biquadratic of logarithmic function of the vertical velocity.4) The coupling coefficient K_θW is related to the velocity characteristic scale, frictionvelocity u_*; the height characteristic scale, coupling roughness height z_W0; and thetemperature characteristic scale, coupling temperature T_W0. The coupling roughnessheight and the temperature characteristic scale all are determined by the dynamic and thermal features of the underlying surface.5) The function relations suggest that only when the vertical velocity magnitude conforms tolimitation |W/u_*|≠1 and above the level z_W0, the vertical velocity leads to the crosscoupling effect on the vertical heat turbulent transport flux.6) Though the coupling transport flux of vertical velocity is a small revisal comparing with the gradient transport flux of vertical temperature, this revisal could not be neglected for the heterogeneous underlying surface and convection boundary layer.