X-ray Astrophysics: Data Analysis And Experiment

The thesis consists of three parts about the data analysis and experiment study of X-ray astrophysics: study of the data analysis method, scientific data analysis and physical modeling, design of X-ray astrophysical experiment.Hardness ratio is widely used in X-ray Astrophysics to show spectral properties. A new method is proposed to estimate the hardness ratio when the counts are low, and it is more reliable than the ratitional method. The applications in astrophysics of the new method are introduced.Then the observation of the X-ray emission from a black hole binary XTE J1550-564 is studied. The timing and spectral analysis results show that there are unusual millisecond variabilities and very soft spectral component in this observation, and a 100 s long flare is detected in the same observation. Based on the data analysis, the physical processes in the accretion flow and the possible large scale magnetic field are discussed, and a model is proposed to explain all the observations.The third part of the thesis is about the design of Chinese X-ray astrophysical project: Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT). The background is an important parameter of HXMT, which influences the scientific performance of telescope significantly. By Monte-Carlo simulation the background of the high energy detector on HXMT is estimated, and the design of HXMT is optimized, including the orbit inclination, the optimized collimator scheme, the design of charged particle active shielding system, the"large signal"count rates and corresponding dead time. These results have already been used in HXMT project.