The Harmony In Chinese Ancient Technic Practices

The technic practice appeared with the existence of human being and stands as a major component of human life. It has brought many conveniences as well as some negative effects to human beings. So a research named "The Harmony in Chinese Ancient Technic Practices" can offer some suggestions for the development of modern technic practices.This dissertation starts with the study of the thought of harmony and the technic practice. Through comparing the difference of harmony between Chinese and the western, it indicates that the fininal concern of harmony in ancient China is "human being", which means "people orientation". As far as specific contents concerned, it includes the harmony between human and society, between human and nature, and within themselves. In the view of Chinese ancient people, the foundation of harmony is "Difference". The state of harmony needs human's hard work with the way of coordination. With the analyses of technology and the concept of practice in the work of Karl Marx, the paper puts forward the concept of technic practice. It is the action of human which would make changes on both human and materials. People interact with the nature by some instruments through a series of change with substance, energy and information. It is in order to emphasize the dynamic process of technology. Moreover, there are some relationships between harmony and technic practices:the two old styles of"和"mean two specific products of technic practices; the verb meaning and the noum meaning of"和"are"调"and"顺"which are consistent to the method and aim of technic practices:"调"is similar to one method of technic practices and"顺"is the same as one purpose of technic practices.This dissertation analyzes six performances of harmony in Chinese ancient technic practices. Any person performing a technic practice pursues the"道"beyond the technic practice itself which creates an ideal of harmony. This harmony is abstract but with kernel situation. It can embody in the harmony amony the relevant elements of technic practices. It includes the harmony in person itself, ethical harmony in persons which controlled by "道", harmony between a person and any tool being used, organic harmony among people, materials and tools. From the view of the application of technics to nature and society, here there are two aspects of harmonious performance. One involves working in accord with natural orders, which creates ecological harmony. The other involves working in accord with social orders, to produce social harmony. At the same time, the paper elucidates the reasons for the existence of harmony in ancient technic practices from two ascepts. The environment of economy and the patriarch system are two exterior reasons. The former is an interactive existing with both natural economy predominated and commodity economy supported. The later means strict social structure of hierarchy. Besides, the view of nature and the thinking pattern of the Chinese in ancient time are the inner impetus. The former has the opportunity to dominate the extent of ancient technic practices to nature and the later prescribes the acting way of ancient technic practices.Hence it comes out the bepuzzlement of harmony in ancient technic practices and its significance for modern technical practices. In the pursue of the harmonious state with the elements of the technic practice, ancient Chinese emphasizes the accumulation of "ability" of human but ignores the reformation of "tools", and stress the exertion of "experience" but neglect the improvement of "theory". So it created the resplendence of the technic practice on the level of handicraft industry, but also made a backward state of the technic practice on the level of machine. However, with the problem of unilateralism of harmony in modern technical practices, the harmony of Chinese ancient technic practices can provide some suggestions for modern technic practices. Radically to say, ancient Chinese achieved the harmonious development amony human beings, nature and society during the technic practices. And the work way for technic practices is combination of all elements in best way. Thus, only if with the aim of the development of human beings, modern technical practices can have clear way for development. Modern technical practices not only need to create nicer environment of nature and society for human beings, but also to add more elements if it is good for the comprehensive development of human. Thus, modern technical practices can express as more competences of the person as they can, such as intelligence, receptivity, and so on.