Research On The Marxist Environmental Interest Thoughts

The environmental interest is the core concept of the paper. The natural environment refers to the basic conditions for the human survival. Marxism pays attention to the survival and development of human beings and it necessarily pays attention to the natural environment. Therefore, Marxism does not always forget the nature but remembers the nature, learns from the nature, pays reverence to the nature and loves the nature. Some classical authors of Marxism such as Marx, Engels and Lenin, etc. treated the human environmental demand from the perspective of historical materialism and gave the most scientific, most thorough and most convincing explanation to the environmental interest in the history. In the great historical process of the revolution, reform and building of socialism of China, the collective of the leaders of the Communist Party of China has enriched and developed the Marxist environmental interest thoughts. The research finds that the Marxist environmental interest thoughts not only are rich but also can be established into a scientific system of thoughts:its fundamental norm is human-oriented; its basic principle is the organic unity of environmental and ecological interests, environmental economic interests and environmental aesthetic interests; its fundamental method is giving all consideration and coordination of interests; its value outlook is to promote the harmony between human beings and the nature; its effective means are to develop the circulating economy by depending on science and technology. The Marxist environmental interest thoughts are the important components of Marxist theory.However, for long time, the research on the Marxist environmental interest thoughts in the theoretical circles at home and abroad has not been comprehensive or deep-going. Some foreign scholars have misunderstood and distorted Marxism and some even questioned and denied the environmental interest thoughts of Marx and Engels. Today, as a hot topic, it is' good to talk about the environmental problem, but the "cool" thinking shall be made for the "hot" problem. It indicates that the scientific attitude shall be taken to the scientific theory and it is very necessary that more efforts and more time shall be taken to carefully study and deeply excavate the scientific connotations of the Marxist environmental interest thoughts, firmly build the scientific environmental interest thoughts and clarify various non-Marxist environmental interest thoughts. What is especially important is that all the efforts shall be made to study and apply it, develop Marxism in the socialist practice, actively build the socialist ecological civilization, lay a solid foundation for rigorously promoting the socialist undertaking with the Chinese characteristics, truly make more profits for the common people and let a great number of masses of people more benefited.In Chapter 1 of the paper, the concept and characteristics of the environmental interest in the perspective of Marxism are analyzed and dealt with. Marx and Engels criticized and inherited the rational core of the concept of "natural person" of Feuerbach and first put the human environmental demand in the vision of historical materialism, entitled the social contents and characteristics to it, reviewed the human environmental demand and satisfaction from the perspective of social relations and truly made the environmental demand theory become a science. A demand is the subjective basis for interest and interest is the social form of a demand. The environmental demand with the social contents and characteristics based on a certain production foundation is the environmental interest. The environmental interests mainly include environmental and ecological interests, environmental economic interests and environmental aesthetic interests. Their characteristics are represented as historicity, inheritance, regularity and commonality.In Chapter 2 of the paper, the basic contents of the environmental interest thoughts of Marx, Engels and Lenin are dealt with. The contents of the environmental interest thoughts of Marx and Engels include:use of the science and technology to save energy and purify the environment, the damage to the environment is rooted in the capitalist application of science and technology, the planned mode of production shall be taken to consciously control the nature and the rural area and the urban area shall be combined and developed to eliminate the environmental pollution, etc. The contents of the environmental interest thoughts of Lenin include the following:the natural force is closely related to industry and agriculture, the rural area and the urban area of capitalism oppose each other and the natural resources are the foundation for the unprecedented development of the productivity, etc.In Chapter 3 of the paper, the basic contents and practice of the environmental interest thoughts of the collective of the leaders of the Communist Party of China are dealt with. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the collective of the first-generation leaders of the Communist Party of China with Chairman Mao as the core, facing the chaos of China left from the old society and long-term enemy's invasion, insisted in the environmental interest thoughts of Marx, Engels and Lenin, started from maintaining the environmental interests of the masses of people, focused on the construction of forestry, gave priority to the construction of water conservancy, aimed at eliminating the wasteland and barren mountains and change the natural features, carried out the afforestation of the homeland and restored the ecology seriously damaged by the war as well as carried out the control of the big drainage areas, etc. With "bringing order out of chaos" and the gravity of center of the Party work transferred to the economic construction, the collective of the second-generation leaders of the Communist Party of China with President Deng Xiaoping as the core established and perfected the Environmental Protection Law, incorporated the environmental protection into the legal track, depended on science to protect the environment, strengthened the propaganda and popularization of the ecological and environmental knowledge, corrected the false understanding and bad inclinations of "emphasis on economy and under-evaluation of the environment" and promoted the great progress to be made in the ecological construction. The collective of the third-generation leaders of the Communist Party of China with President Jiang Zemin as the core presented the important thoughts of "three representatives", put the sustainable development to the prominent position of the economic and social development, made great efforts to carry out the strategy of sustainable development, presented a series of new thoughts and ideas on the environmental construction and protection of resources and promoted the practice of the environmental protection. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Secretary General Hu Jintao as the core presents that the outlook on scientific development shall be firmly built and deeply carried out, more attention shall be paid to the human living quality, develop the potentials and happiness indexes and attach importance to the harmony between human beings and the nature. The most important substance of the outlook on scientific development is development, the core is human-oriented, the basic requirements are comprehensiveness, harmony and sustainability and the fundamental method is planning as a whole and coordination. The care for the environmental interests is represented. It has opened the new realm of the Marxist interest thoughts and represented the theoretical quality of Marxism of keeping the pace with the times.In Chapter 4 of the paper, an attempt is made to discuss the system of Marxist environmental interest thoughts and analyze the core contents of the Marxist environmental interest thoughts. The fundamental norm of the Marxist environmental interest thoughts is human oriented; the basic principle is the organic unity of environmental and ecological interests, environmental economic interests and environmental aesthetic interests; the fundamental method is giving all consideration and coordination of interests; the fundamental method is giving all consideration and coordination of interests; the value outlook is to promote the harmony between human beings and the nature; the effective means are to develop the circulating economy by depending on science and technology.In Chapter 5 of the paper, some non-Marxist environmental interest thoughts are analyzed such as utilitarian thoughts of "emphasis on economy and under-evaluation of the environment", narrow thoughts of "environmental interests=environmental economic interests", pessimistic thoughts of "dilemma of environmental interests" of the West and fanaticism of "man can conquer nature", etc. The dialectical method and comparative method are used to give a brief evaluation of the thoughts, clarify the right and the wrong of the theory and have a clear-cut stand to insist in the Marxist environmental interest thoughts.