Study On Design, Synthesis And Properties Of Novel Amphiphilic Adsorbent Materials

Polymer adsorbent are an important class of functional polymer materials, they are of great significance in the basic and applied research. With the development of high-tech research in the field, more and more demands are put forward on the modification of adsorption functional materials, of which to design materials for adsorbing heavy metal ions and special organic molecules also attracts much attention and is gradually becoming one of the hotspots.Thesis reviews the domestic and international research progress of adsorption and separation functional polymer materials and proposes the dissertation of designing polymer adsorbent can simultaneously removing heavy metal pollutants and organic pollutants in water. A series of adsorption and separation materials were prepared, and the obtained materials were characterized and tested for their properties. Based on the unique properties of the absorbent materials, their prospective application was explored with analysis of experimental data and theoretical analysis of its application. The dissertation results are as follows:1. Design a new type of inorganic-organic hybrid adsorbents P (A-O)/AT. We first studied on the selective adsorption of heavy metal ions of the synthetic materials, and then found their good selectivity and adsorption capability on Pb(II). Different from the traditional strategy, we used cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to make a further modification on the synthetic materials and obtained a new material also showing an ideal adsorption property on phenol. As mentioned above, we got a simple solution to synthesize an adsorbent both have good adsorption properties on heavy metal ions and organic substances.2. We first proposed the application of both two polymerization methods of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and radical polymerization on the synthesis of new materials, and successfully using this method got amphiphilic adsorbent material ATP-PS-PDVB-PAO (ASDO) by graft polymerization on attapulgite's surface. After determining its structure by FTIR characterization, the adsorption studies on Pb (II) and organic molecules were made and the results showed that the synthetic materials had a good adsorption on Pb (II) of 100 mg/L and below and the removal rate was up to 99.9%. Repeating the adsorption experiments showed that the synthetic material ASDO not only had good adsorption, also were of good chemical stability.3. Introducing the Schiff base chelating coordination concept to the design and synthesis of absorbent material, and using chloromethylated polystyrene (PSC) as matrix and using ATRP and organic chemical modification as the method, we successfully synthesized a series of selective adsorption materials such as PSC-PGMA-EDA-SA, PSC-PGMA-DETA-SA and PSC-PGMA-TETA-SA. Proved by the selective assay, the synthetic materials had adsorption specificity on Hg (II), and ideal good adsorption ability. Among Pb (II), Cu (II), Hg (II), Cd (II), Zn (II), Al (III),Ni (III) and other metal ions coexisting environment, the materials showed a high selectivity and high adsorption capacity on Hg (II) (at 30℃the maximum adsorption capacity is up to 526.3 mg/g). Moreover, after the removal of Cu (II) and Al (III), the materials on Hg (II) adsorption were almost consistent with "completely non-interference" selectivity. On the other hand, based on their own special function structure of the materials, researches showed that they had a good adsorption capability and selectivity on tosylate (p-TSA) on the adsorption process of organic molecules. It was found in the experiment that p-TSA adsorption capacity can be achieved to 454.5 mg/g.4. Design and synthesis of new functional monomers DM-BS, and use two different methods of ATRP and free radical polymerization for the functional graft on the PSC to get PSC-DM-P (DM-BS) and PSC-PDM-BS, respectively. The experimental results showed that the synthesized material modified by monomer DM-BS were of specificity and high adsorption capacity on Hg (Ⅱ) among Pb (Ⅱ), Cu (II), Hg (II), Cd (II), Zn (II), Al (III), Ni (III) and other heavy metal ions co-existing in the environment. In addition, the modified material through the radical polymerization can achieve the interference of other heavy metal ions on Hg (II) lower 1/108 (0.926%), showing the really high selectivity. On the other hand, the selective adsorption of organic molecules was also studied, it was found that toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) showed excellent adsorption and had certain selectivity. We did a separate adsorption assay on Hg (II) and p-TSA, on the adsorption process of metal ions, when Hg (II) initial concentration was 100 mg/L or below, both the two materials can remove almost 100% Hg (II). When Hg (II) initial concentration was 500 mg/L, PSC-DM-P (DM-BS)'s adsorption capability can reach 116 mg/g and the removal rate was 46.4%; and PSC-PDM-BS's reach 173.7 mg/g, while ensuring the removal efficiency of Hg (II) more than 60%; In the organic molecule assay, when the initial concentration of the p-TSA was 100 mg/L and below, both the two materials has reached 100% of its removal. When the p-TSA was 488 mg/L, PSC-DM-P(DM-BS)'s adsorption capability can reach 178.5 mg/g, the removal rate was 73.2%; and PSC-PDM-BS's can reach 216.0 mg/g, while ensuring the efficiency of removal of p-TSA 88.5% or more. Above all, assay results showed that materials obtained by ATRP and radical polymerization both have an ideal adsorption on heavy metal ions and organic substances. In different, PSC-DM-P(DM-BS) modified by radical polymerization showed a better selectivity, and materials modified through ATRP showed greater adsorption capacity, which can be explained by the two materials'special structure created by the two different polymerization methods.