| Analysis of atmospheric particulate pollutant, especially effective analysis of atmospheric particulate pollutants of the most harmful to human health and less than 2.5μm (PM2.5), cannot be completed with an ordinary non-nuclear analytical technique. Instead, it must be performed with modern nuclear analytical techniques. TXRF, as a fast multi-element analysis method, can be used in the trace analysis of pg magnitude. Besides, the required number of samples is small in analysis of samples, so for air particulate, TXRF is an ideal analytical tool. In cities, collecting samples of high concentration can completed within a very short time. In this paper, total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis technology and its application in the quantitative measurement and analysis of atmospheric particulate matter, Wuhan City layout characteristics, sampling sites selection, sample preparation and analysis, as well as the distribution pattern of atmospheric particulate pollution concentration and the sources were studied.With the theoretical basis and basic principle of X-fluorescence analysis technology as a starting point, the principles of the total reflection x-ray fluorescence analysis technology and the structural characteristics of the analyzer are studied. Total reflection x-ray fluorescence analysis is an energy dispersive technique in special geometric activation cases. At present, x-ray activation source of the total reflection X-ray fluorescence analyzer mainly uses x-ray tubes with sophisticated focus and anode x-ray tubes with high-power rotation, etc. Different from the angle 40°, formed by the activation beam irradiating the sample in conventional X-ray fluorescence analysis, the angle of incidence in total reflection X fluorescence analysis is only about 0.1°and the detector is perpendicular to the sample plane. The detector mainly used is energy spectrum detector, in addition, Si (Li) detector is often used. The TXRF-1 total reflection X-ray fluorescence analyzer owned by micro structure analytical lab in Peking University Science Park and developed by professor Tian Yuhong and other professors in Yantai University is of this kind. In total reflection fluorescence analysis, the fluorescence intensity doubled and background intensity greatly reduced, considerablly decreasing interference from background radiation in the samples, resulting in great improvement in TXRF detection capability.And then from the point of the causes for the regional presence, the impact of Wuhan terrain and meteorological factors on air pollution was surveyed and analyzed to determine appropriate sampling sites and methods for sampling and sample preparing. Characterized by residual hills, river and lakes, the main layout of Wuhan is the "Steel City", "Motor City", "Culture City" and "Commercial City". As far as energy structure is concerned, coal is mainly used. The annual average temperature in Wuhan is relatively stable, with low temperature, high atmospheric stability, and frequent temperature inversion in winter as well as high temperature, weak atmospheric stability, low frequency temperature inversion in summer. The wind speed throughout the year is high and light wind and calm wind blow during most of the time. With weaker degree of dispersion of pollutants, Wuhan air pollution is mainly caused by regional source. Therefore, the selected sampling sites of Huaqiao, Gaoxin, Qingshan, East Lake, Ziyang are appropriate. 42 air samples are collected, fundamentally reflecting pollution in urban and suburban industrial areas.Then, sample analysis and data processing were performed with the selected TXRF-1 total reflection X-ray fluorescence analyzer and the concentration distribution pattern of Wuhan air pollution elements was obtained. Whether in urban Huaqiao region, or suburban industrial region in Gaoxin, Wuhan, PM2.5 concentrations tend to reduce as temperatures rise. That means the concentration tends to be low in summer and high in winter. The concentration of Arsenic (As) in urban regions (Huaqiao) was significantly higher than in suburbs (Gaoxin); Changqian region in Qingshan is the place with the highest arsenic (As) concentration. Whether the concentration of As and Pb in PM10 particles or PM10 (K, Ca, Fe) total concentration is higher in Changqian region, Qingshan than in the East Lake region. Besides, in the quiet of night the concentration in the East Lake region decreases a lot. "Cultural city" Ziyang region bears the lowest average concentration of PM10 pollution elements.Finally enrichment factor method is used for analysis of pollution sources and suggestions on preventing pollution are put forward. Atmospheric particulates pollution in Wuhan urban areas mainly comes from coal dust, vehicle exhaust dust, construction dust, soil dust and so on. Atmospheric particulates in urban areas are mixed particulates of coal dust, vehicle exhaust dust, construction dust, soil dust and so on. The pollution of particulates has evolved to be primary atmospheric pollution. The toxic and harmful components rich in atmospheric particulates pose a serious threat to environment and air quality, the ecological environment and human health, so it is necessary to take measures for prevention.
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