| Caly minerals absorb water because of their hydration-activation centers. Bonding water is one of important factors which control the physico-chemical properties of viscous clays' thickness, plasticity, dispersion, swelling and shrinking as well as strength and deformability, which strongly pins down the development of those trades dealing with clay minerals. The quantitative analysis of water on clay minerals and clear description of the hydration mechanism are the study of the essential theory which effectively detects the physico-chemical process of interaction between water and clays, controls and makes use of the special properties of hydration clays. The study deals with such essential theories as clay mineral, water chemistry, surface chemistry, soil mechanism, soil science and many other aspects. The extensive effort has been made in quantitative studies of bonding water on clay over a long time, these studies, however, are mainly concerned with the determination of total water content on clays, and the experimental methods are simple, and a little attention is paid to water types, dividing line and relevant water content and the hydration state, especially to the quantitative study of bonding water on clays in water. In fixed water content, water types, dividing line and the hydration state decide the hydration effect and properties of clays. All of these things, then, are more closely related to the applied technology in industry, agriculture, architecture, and so on.The aim of this paper is to build up a set of perfect methods to research for water absorbed on clays. On the basis of development of the general outline of quantitative research on water, the intensive effort made for this paper is to develop experimental ways to quantitatively measuring water on clays, to giving absorbed water types and dividing line, to completely describing the hydration mechanism of clays, to preliminarily getting the physico-chemical properties of water on clays, and to study the hydration state of natural clays and natural clays in water, KCL solution proceed from the application. It will lay a foundation for the further studies of the adsorption theory about clays in water and provide theoretical basis for controlling and making use of the properties of hydration clays that meet the needs of the applied technology related to clay minerals.Divided into three parts, the main task of this paper first is about development of the methods for quantitative study of the bonding water on clays. The second part,the most important one in this paper, is about quantitive measure-ment of absorbed -water, including quantitive expression, determination of water types and boundary line, perfect description of the hydration mechanism as well as preliminary understanding of the physico-chemical properties of water absorbed on clays. The last part is about experimental research of the hydration state of clays proceed from the application.The primary contributions of this paper are:1.The experimental methods for quantitively measuring bonding water on clays are established, which establishes a set of perfect ways to study the water on clays. 2.Tthe thermoanalysis is successfully applied to quantitive determination of water absorbed on clays, water types and dividing line.3. Tthe infrared spectrum and ion exchange are successfully applied to qualitative determination of water types and dividing line.4. The ways to quantitively expressing water absorbed on clays are established, whose concepts and relevant calculation are given.5. Tthe types of water absorbed on clays and dividing line are determined by experimental research. By integrating double electrode layer and water types, the hydration mechanism and the hydration state are perfectly described, the micro-model of the interaction between clays and water is given, which lay a foundation for the further studies.6. It has a preliminary understanding of the physico-chemical properties of water absorbed on clays that are different from pure water.
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