Quantitative Study On The Influence Of Land Surface Change To Urban Heat Environment

Urban heat environment results from many factors such as land use/land cover type, the artificial heat sources from energy consuming, weather condition in urbanized areas and different characteristics of the city and so on. Many coastal cities in China have launched into the fast development stage in recent years, and the natural surface is continuously substituted by urban artificial surface. The heat effect in the urban region becomes more evidently, and urban heat wave is increasingly frequent. Consequently, it results in the increasing of both the disease rate and the death rate in urban dwellers. In other words, the continuous deterioration of urban heat environment has become one of the important factors that affect the sustainable development of urban society and economy. Therefore, it will be significant for the improvement of human comfort and the keeping of human health to analyze quantitatively urban heat environment.The normal ways of monitoring urban heat environment, that is, on site monitoring and spatial modeling using mathematic methods have some deficiency in many aspects such as the more workload, the worse efficiency, the higher cost, the weakness of accuracy and so on. In the recent twenty years, remote sensing and geography information system technique developed rapidly and was apt to merge mutually, so their advantage were integrated together in many fields. The information about heat environment was obtained from the satellite data accurately, quickly, and economically by RS technique, and quantitative analysis was carried out by the obtained data of heat environment and GIS technique. Therefore, quantitative study of heat environment can be come true by the integrated technique of RS and GIS economically, visually and effectively.The influence of land type/cover change to urban heat environment is researched in this paper based on multi-sources spatial data and the integrated technique of RS and GIS. The main contents in the paper are as follows: (1) Current research situation on the quantitative research of heat urban environment and land type/cover change are summarized at domestic and aboard. The advantages, disadvantages and characteristic of urban heat environment study are discussed respectively using normal technique and thermal infrared remote sensing technique, and the difficulties of quantitative research of heat urban and the relative questions are analyzed. (2) Based on the physical theory of the thermal infrared remote sensing and the mechanism on the influence of the atmosphere to urban thermal remote sensing, a simplified model of inversing the surfacetemperature from thermal band data are modified and established. (3) Different methods of building spatial data, that is, air temperature and surface temperature data, are used in the paper. Land type/cover data are obtained from aerial picture and Landsat satellite data by vectorizing and image interpretation, and air temperature data come from the rasterizing model and on site meteorological data. Land surface temperature data are built up using the inversion model of remote sensing and thermal band data. (4) The influence of land use/land cover change to air temperature is studied quantitatively using the spatial analysis technique of GIS and 1 km2 each pixel rasterized data obtained from raster model and on site temperature data. (5) The variation of surface temperature and its main mechanism caused by land use/land cover change are researched quantitatively. The increasing of surface temperature is related with both land use /cover type and the decreasing of biomass closely.Some innovations in this field are as the fellow aspects in the paper: (1) According to the infrared band characteristics of the Landsat TM/ ETM+ and the atmosphere influence theory of thermal infrared remote sensing, the inversion model is modified and established using the parameters the DN value, atmospheric transmissivity, surface emissivity, atmosphere average temperature. The feasibility of the model is tested and verified by on s...