Fabrication Of Polymer Colloidal Crystals And Their Template-Induced Assembly

Colloids and latexes have been attracting considerable attention for theirimportance in the fields of colloidal science, chemistry, material sciences and biologyin the modern science and technology. Especially, colloidal particles and compositecolloidal particles with desired properties and their self-assembled systems haverecently been an important and hot point in the colloid sciences. Thanks to manyyears of continuous efforts, a variety of colloids and composite colloids have alreadyfound a broad range of fascinating applications in fields of drug delivery,biodiagnostics and optoelectronic materials and so on. As an important aspect, theformation and utilization of highly ordered structures (photonic crystals and colloidalcrystals) resulted from the self-assembly of monodispersed colloidal particles havebeen an intriguing subject of researches over the past several decades. On the otherhand, the patterns and microengineering at the micro- and nano-scale have been stilla central to the modern microelectronics and optoelectronics, and provided a lot ofchances in the studies at microscopic chemistry, physics and biology, for example,microanalysis of chemical and biological components, biological chips andmicroreactioners. Methods based on the desired and controllable masks andtemplates for fabricating versatile patterns have been more flexible and practicedamong all methods for achieving ordered arrays and patterns on the desirablesurfaces. In addition, the techniques for the desired arrays and patterns and theircorresponding applications in the broad fields will drive the further extension andintersect between the sciences of chemistry, physics, and biology and so on. 126吉林大学博士学位论文 2004 In Chapter Two, cross-linked polymer particles with well-defined particle sizeand functional groups on the surface were prepared via an emulsifier-free emulsioncopolymerization. Among these polymer particles, we investigated some propertiessuch as the preparation and the "in-situ" swelling behaviors of quarternaryammonium-modified and acrylic-modified cross-linked polymer particles. As weknew, the fabrication of organic-inorganic composite particles is under intense studyfrom the viewpoint of their physical and chemical properties such as different surfacechemical composition, magnetic or optical properties. In this case, we designed afacile route to inoragan/polymer composite latexes via an extending surfactant-freeemulsion copolymerization. For example, we present the in-situ preparation ofCdS/polymer composite particles with the surfactant-free cadmium-containingpolymer latexes using the hydrothermal technique at relatively mild conditions andless air pollution. We believe that the preparation of the surface-modified polymerparticles and the composite particles will provide a versatile platform to investigatefunctional colloids or latexes in the fields of optics, magnetics, electronics, colloidchemistry, biochemistry and medicine, at the same time, and will be useful forpreparing self-assembled colloidal crystals. In Chapter Three, we describe an intriguing strategy for preparing stablecolloidal crystal chips and engineering PCF-like colloidal crystals by means of thetwo-substrate vertical deposition method. The confinement in between two closesurfaces (the substrate and another surface) would make colloidal crystal chips morestable against the filling medium and help to control and protect better them in theensuing procedures, and even achieve these colloidal crystal chips used as somepromising separated units of optical devices. As another important fabricationstrategy, the two-substrate vertical deposition could be competent for engineeringPCF-like colloidal crystals and corresponding inverse opals. This work also indicatesthe resulting colloidal crystal chips are not only more stable and even may be u...