Bioleaching Of Copper Sulfide Minerals, The Bacterial Ultrastructure And The Mechanisms Of Attachment, Purifing SFORase Of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans

In order to investigate the bioleaching mechanism and increase the bioleaching rate in the process of production, the following studies have been worked on: 1. Bioleaching of copper sulfide ores of Chengmen Mountain, Jiangxi; 2.The shapes and the microstructures of the bioldaching bacteria; 3. The attachment of bioleaching bacteria; and 4.The purification of Hydrogen SulfiderFerric ion Oxidoreductase from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans .The shape and the ultrastructure of major organisms in bioleaching field such as T.f(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans), T.t(Thiobacillus ihiooxidans) and L.j[Leptospirillum ferrooxidans} have been studied by Transmission Electronic Microscope(TEM) and Scanning Electronic Microscope(SEM). The results show that the bacteria raised in ferrous ion medium or sulfur medium have the form of solitary, oppositeness, chain and thick growth. L.f exists in solitary; most of T.fand T.t exist in solitary; some of T.t in oppositeness; the number of T.t in the form of chain is more than that of T.f; both T.f and T.t can be seen in thick growth. The size of T.t is a slightly bigger than that of T.f, the ends of T.f is somewhat blunt, while the ends of T.t is sharp-pointed. Both ends of T.t can be seen a lipid granule respectively when dyed with phosphotungstic acid. Observing the super-cut section of T.f of Dexing and Dabao Mountain, there are a few of bacteria with the widen periplasmic space. General speaking, they wouldhave a stonger ability of storing and secreting proteins. In the ultrastructures of Dexing's T.f, some of PHB granule can be seen. They are the storing bodies of Carbon resource and energy. The bacteria raised in sulfur medium possess globular and/or tubular outer-membrane vesicles, but the bacteria raised in iron medium have not. The formation of outer-membrane vesicles are closely be related to the state S(solid) /L(liquid) of energy resource substance. Moreover, there is an orientation during its forming, the vesicles can be formed only on the attachment side of the cell, and it contains plenty macromolecular substances that are related to attachment. The early phase's conjugation of Dabao Mountain T.f was observed, a T.f is in touch with another by sex pili. Also, a tube-like object on one cell's end pierced through another near cell's end. If this phenomenon be related to diverting the genetic factor? It isn't clear now. There are fungus and heterotrophic bacteria and so on in the accumulating solution pool of Dabao Mountain dump leaching site, some of bacteria possess capsule or the layer of mucus. They exhibit the diversity of leaching organisms in ecological system.In the research of bioleaching feasibility on difficultly dissolved copper ores of Chengmen Mountain, mineralogic analysis and multi-element analysis have been carried out, and then a series of tests such as acid-consume, leaching by rocking bottles, column leaching were also carried out. The leaching rate under different technologicalconditions were checked respectively. The results demonstrate that coppery limonite and mud-bearing copper oxide ore are suitable for acid leaching while copper oxide and copper sulfide mixed ores are suitable for bioleaching. In addition, an UV-mutagenesis T.f-cms (Chengmenshan T.f) for bioleaching , by which copper leaching rate has raised about 10%, has been ultilized in this paper.The attachment of bioleaching microorganisms is a field that has been studied extensively. The author has studied on the attachment of bacteria by SEM(with EDAX),TEM, FTIR, especially by the method of electronic microscope cytochemistry. The interactions between the bacteria and the mineral involve a lot of physical, biological and chemical parameter. Both the bacteria and the mineral surface' chemical character were changed after their interactions.The results of SEM and ED AX show that, comparing with asepsis condition, the metal dissolved rate of bioleaching for chalcopyrite is higher than that of pyrite, and leaching rate of copper increases as the number of bacteria of attachment increases. When...