Studies Of Desertification And It's Control Strategies In China

There is sandy desertification land 1.7397 million km2 in China, which takes 18.1% of total land area. Desertification is one of the most seriously environmental problems and restricts social and economical sustainable development. This paper aims to study desertification causes and control strategies. By means multi knowledge and integrated ecosystem management method, field investigation, data and information collection and analyses, statistic analyses and theory studies, systemic studies have been carried out in desertification issues in China.The latest economic loss of sandy desertification has been got and it reached 128.141 billion Yuan by the monitoring data of 1999, which take 3.61 times of key desertification province and autonomous regions. Land resources loss is the most seriously economic loss. Integrated beneficial analyses method and indicator system for desertification control have been put forward. Economic assessments for desertification control for land resources from 2000 to 2004 have been carried out, which reached to 87.26 billion Yuan annually with ratio of input and output 1: 7.27. By typical studies in Guyaun County, Beijing Tianjin Sand Sources Region Control Program, ecological benefit ratio of input and output reaches 1: 6.59 annual in past 5 years.Studies show that sandy desertification was caused by combination of fragile ecological environment and laggard social and economic pattern with un-rational economic policies. All these factors affected each other with accumulated effect. Population density in dryland region of China excesses the criteria of United Nations, lower education degree, etc. all these cause ecological consuming for survival;Simple production structure with planting diversity index from 1.5 to 1.8;poor economic condition, means farmer income is only 1/2 of that east region have lead over collection of fuel wood, over exploration of land resources, over grazing and over uses of water resources. Studies show that system and policy are also inducement of sandy desertification and resource of un-powerful in desertification control. The unsafely land right is the warm bed for land resources over exploration;forest and grassland right empty and imperfect have lead over uses of these resources and also restrict investment enthusiasm;investment main body fault location, unstable policies, restrict among departments, poor expiation mechanism and un-rational water resources management policy, these all have cause un-effect desertification control.The basic strategies for desertification control have been put forward: 1, Vegetation restoration and rebuilding strategies. It emphases vegetation restoration must follow the theory of ecosystem, community succession and adaptation. Nine basic principle and vegetation construction for 4 type region and 12 subtype regions have been presented. 2,Economic and social development promotion strategies. By population control policy to reduce population pressure and improve population diathesis;optimized desertification area economic structure, coordinating development among agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry, developing sandy industry, adjusting area layout;establishing ecological protection regions to solve poor problem and setup ecological ethic. 3,System innovation strategies. It aims to promote effective collocation in desertification control recourses. It put forward stable public fiscal investment mechanism and ecological expiating mechanism for desertification control. Long stable land right should be given to fanners, tree's ownership right should be cleared, ecological purchasing, improvement of water resource and grassland management, etc., 34 system innovation have been put forward. 4, Guarantee strategies. Which include organizing, laws, science and technology;monitoring and warning 4 guarantee systems in 30 guarantee policies have been put foreward.