Study On Mechanism Of Bioactive Water Technology And Its Application

A manure waste water resources utilization technology was studied in the paper, which can produce bioactive water (BW) at the same time of manure wastewater treatment. BW can promote the growth of crops and curb disease and pest, if bioactive water is applied on plant agriculture, thereby pesticide input may be in reduction or even avoid, which not only reduce the environmental pollution, but also promote the development of sustainable agriculture.The effects of bioactive water on seed germination parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L. )and wheat(Triticum aestivum)was investigated in the experiment. All bioactive water treatments not only enhanced germination energy and final germination percentage of wheat and rice seeds, but also greatly improved chlorophyll synthesis in wheat and rice seedling leaves. The methods of bioactive water application on organic rice cultivation were explored through field experiments. Bioactive water treatments exerted hormone-like activity for enhance seed germination of rice and 1% bioactive water treatment by diluting BW with clean water (soaking for 12 hours) most highly stimulated the seed germination of rice, which can be a suitable reference for rice cultivation. Bioactive water treatment improved the rice seedling in seedling period. After transplanting, bioactive water treatment increased seedling age in various plant densities and was effective for prevention from rice sheath blight to some extent, but had some negative impacts on leaf area index and average number of green leaves per plant. Also, Bioactive water treatment improved taste value although had little effect on yield.The degradation of available easily-degradable substances such as carbohydrate, protein, and lipid in the reactor were studied. Weight-average molecular weight (Mw), number-average molecular weight (Mn) and the ratio Mw/Mn of dissolved organic matters in different stages of the process were measured by gel permeation chromatography, and the result demonstrated the increase of Mn and Mw and the decease of the ratio Mw/Mn from 223.3 to 6.1. The organic matters were in continuous decrease as a result of degradation and aquatic humic substances (HS) also arised from microbial production from decomposing autochthonous biomass. The HA/DOC and FA/DOC increase from an initial 34.80%, 15.22% to final values of 52.12%, 26.89% in the process, reflected the formation of complex molecules from more simple molecules. The relationships between the degradation and humification process which the organic matter underwent during the process were analyzed. No type of correlation was observed between the water-soluble carbohydrate content and the humification indices (HS/TOC,HA/TOC,FA/TOC). An inverse strong correlation between the protein,lipid,monosaccharide,amino acids and some of the humification indices considered such as HS/TOC,HA/TOC,FA/TOC was found (P<0.01). There were an inverse correlation between the amino acids and FA/HS (P<0.05) but amino acids were strongly correlated with HA/HS (P<0.05). UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to evaluate the humification degree of HA and FA from the various stages of the process, and the difference in humification degree of HA and FA was reflected by E₄/E₆,E_ET/E_BZ,Zsolnay index,Kalbitz index,Milori index, which was in accordance with the results of other research. The major polyamines (plant regulators)- putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were found in bioactive water (the effluent of the process) by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, may explain the hormone-like activity mechanism of bioactive water.The pumice stone played an important role in the process. The phenomenon of pitting corrosion of the pumice stone from the process was found obviously through SEM observation, and XRD analysis showed that there was a change in the structure and crystallinity of the stone. The observation results showed that minerals nutrition have been dissolved from the stone containing Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, and other elements, in which Mg, K is necessary to plant. The large surface area of the pumice stone was the adsorption sites for microbial habitats. The minerals released from the stone can stimulate microbial growth, while providing the minerals for the plants need, which may be another reason for the mechanism of bioactive water.